महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-46, verse-40

यत्तत्कर्णः प्रत्यजानात्त्वदर्थे नाहत्वाहं सह कृष्णेन पार्थम् ।
इहोपयातेति स पापबुद्धिः कच्चिच्छेते शरसंभिन्नगात्रः ॥४०॥

40. yattatkarṇaḥ pratyajānāttvadarthe; nāhatvāhaṁ saha kṛṣṇena pārtham ,
ihopayāteti sa pāpabuddhiḥ; kaccicchete śarasaṁbhinnagātraḥ.

40. yat tat karṇaḥ pratyajānāt tvadarthe
| na hatvā aham saha kṛṣṇena
pārtham iha upayāte iti saḥ pāpabuddhiḥ
kaccit śete śarasaṃbhinnagātraḥ

40. kaccit saḥ pāpabuddhiḥ śarasaṃbhinnagātraḥ śete? yat tat karṇaḥ tvadarthe pratyajānāt: "na hatvā aham saha kṛṣṇena pārtham iha upayāte.
" iti.

40. That which Karṇa vowed concerning you (Draupadi): "I will not approach here unless I have slain Pārtha along with Kṛṣṇa." I hope that evil-minded one, his body pierced by arrows, now lies (dead).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which, what

• तत् (tat) - that (vow) (that, it)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• प्रत्यजानात् (pratyajānāt) - he swore, he made a solemn declaration (he recognized, he knew, he vowed)

• त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - concerning you (Draupadi) (for your sake, regarding you)

• न (na) - not, no

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

• अहम् (aham) - I

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

• इह (iha) - here, in this world/situation

• उपयाते (upayāte) - I approach/return (referring to Karṇa's stated action if the condition is met) (I approach, I come)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quotation (thus, so)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Karṇa) (he, that)

• पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - evil-minded, wicked

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, is it true that, perhaps

• शेते (śete) - he lies (dead) (he lies, he sleeps)

• शरसंभिन्नगात्रः (śarasaṁbhinnagātraḥ) - whose body is pierced by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

तत् (tat) - that (vow) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (name of a prominent figure in the Mahābhārata)

प्रत्यजानात् (pratyajānāt) - he swore, he made a solemn declaration (he recognized, he knew, he vowed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-ā-jñā

Root jñā with upasargas prati and ā, meaning 'to acknowledge, to vow, to declare'.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - concerning you (Draupadi) (for your sake, regarding you)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvad+artha)

• tvad – your (stem)
  pronoun
  Stem of yuṣmad (you).
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (name of a deity and a historical figure); black, dark

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

इह (iha) - here, in this world/situation

(indeclinable)

उपयाते (upayāte) - I approach/return (referring to Karṇa's stated action if the condition is met) (I approach, I come)

(verb)

1st person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of upayā

Root yā (to go) with upasarga upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used as 'I will approach/come' in the context of a vow.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quotation (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Karṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पापबुद्धिः (pāpabuddhiḥ) - evil-minded, wicked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - having an evil mind, wicked

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – evil, bad, wicked, sin
  noun (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, reason
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, is it true that, perhaps

(indeclinable)

शेते (śete) - he lies (dead) (he lies, he sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

शरसंभिन्नगात्रः (śarasaṁbhinnagātraḥ) - whose body is pierced by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarasaṃbhinnagātra

śarasaṁbhinnagātra - whose limbs are pierced by arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+saṃbhinna+gātra)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhinna – pierced, split, rent asunder
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhid (to split, pierce) with upasarga sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• gātra – limb, body
  noun (neuter)