महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-46, verse-31

यः पर्युपासीत्प्रदिशो दिशश्च त्वां सूतपुत्रः समरे परीप्सन् ।
दित्सुः कर्णः समरे हस्तिपूगं स हीदानीं कङ्कपत्रैः सुतीक्ष्णैः ॥३१॥

31. yaḥ paryupāsītpradiśo diśaśca; tvāṁ sūtaputraḥ samare parīpsan ,
ditsuḥ karṇaḥ samare hastipūgaṁ; sa hīdānīṁ kaṅkapatraiḥ sutīkṣṇaiḥ.

31. yaḥ pari-upāsīt pradiśaḥ diśaḥ ca
tvām sūtaputraḥ samare parīpsan
ditsuḥ karṇaḥ samare hastipūgam
saḥ hi idānīm kaṅkapatraiḥ sutīkṣṇaiḥ

31. yaḥ sūtaputraḥ karṇaḥ samare tvām parīpsan hastipūgam ditsuḥ pradiśaḥ diśaḥ ca pari-upāsīt,
saḥ hi idānīm sutīkṣṇaiḥ kaṅkapatraiḥ

31. The son of a charioteer (sūtaputra), Karna, who, desiring to attack you in battle and eager to overwhelm hosts of elephants, attended you in all directions and intermediate quarters – he now [lies pierced] by very sharp, vulture-feathered [arrows].

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• परि-उपासीत् (pari-upāsīt) - attended (you in all directions) (attended all around, worshipped, served, besieged)

• प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - intermediate quarters (intermediate quarters, specific directions)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, even)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - son of a charioteer (Karna) (son of a charioteer)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

• परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring to attack (desiring to obtain, wishing to attack, eager to seize)

• दित्सुः (ditsuḥ) - eager to give battle (desirous of giving, intending to give, ready to give)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun), ear)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

• हस्तिपूगम् (hastipūgam) - hosts of elephants (host of elephants, elephant herd)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for)

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at this time, presently)

• कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - by means of (arrows with) vulture feathers (with vulture feathers, with arrows adorned with vulture feathers)

• सुतीक्ष्णैः (sutīkṣṇaiḥ) - with very sharp (with very sharp, with exceedingly keen)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Karna.

परि-उपासीत् (pari-upāsīt) - attended (you in all directions) (attended all around, worshipped, served, besieged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-upa-ās

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root 'ās' with prefixes 'pari' and 'upa'. Parasmaipada form.

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to Karna's action.

प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - intermediate quarters (intermediate quarters, specific directions)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of pradiś

pradiś - intermediate direction (e.g., northeast), subordinate direction, specific quarter

Compound of 'pra' (forth) and 'diś' (direction).

Prefix: pra

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'pari-upāsīt'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, point of compass

From root 'diś' (to point, show).

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'pari-upāsīt'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, even)

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Second person singular pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pari-upāsīt' and 'parīpsan'.

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - son of a charioteer (Karna) (son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, herald, a mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

Derived from 'sam' (together) + 'ṛ' (to go, move).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Locative of place/time.

परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring to attack (desiring to obtain, wishing to attack, eager to seize)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to achieve, intending to attack

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative form of 'pari-āp' (to obtain, to overcome) + '-śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'sūtaputraḥ'.

दित्सुः (ditsuḥ) - eager to give battle (desirous of giving, intending to give, ready to give)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ditsu

ditsu - desirous of giving, about to give, intending to present

Desiderative Adjective

Desiderative form of root 'dā' (to give) + '-u' suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses Karna's intent.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun), ear)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata), ear

Note: Appositive to 'sūtaputraḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat, conflict

Derived from 'sam' (together) + 'ṛ' (to go, move).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Locative of place/time.

हस्तिपूगम् (hastipūgam) - hosts of elephants (host of elephants, elephant herd)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hastipūga

hastipūga - a multitude of elephants, an elephant host

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hastin+pūga)

• hastin – elephant (literally, 'having a hand/trunk')
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'hasta' (hand) with '-in' (possessive) suffix.
• pūga – multitude, heap, group, host, crowd
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'ditsuḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, correlative to 'yaḥ'.

Note: Refers to Karna.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at this time, presently)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - by means of (arrows with) vulture feathers (with vulture feathers, with arrows adorned with vulture feathers)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kaṅkapatra

kaṅkapatra - vulture-feather, an arrow feathered with vulture plumes

Compound referring to arrows feathered with vulture plumes.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaṅka+patra)

• kaṅka – vulture, heron, crane
  noun (masculine)
• patra – leaf, feather, wing, blade (of an arrow)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implied means of action (arrows).

सुतीक्ष्णैः (sutīkṣṇaiḥ) - with very sharp (with very sharp, with exceedingly keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - very sharp, exceedingly keen, very pungent, extremely hot

Compound of 'su' (very) and 'tīkṣṇa' (sharp).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tīkṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'very' or 'exceedingly'.
• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent, hot, severe
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tij' (to be sharp).
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'kaṅkapatraiḥ'.