महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-46, verse-11

तेन केतुश्च मे छिन्नो हतौ च पार्ष्णिसारथी ।
हतवाहः कृतश्चास्मि युयुधानस्य पश्यतः ॥११॥

11. tena ketuśca me chinno hatau ca pārṣṇisārathī ,
hatavāhaḥ kṛtaścāsmi yuyudhānasya paśyataḥ.

11. tena ketuḥ ca me chinnaḥ hatau ca pārṣṇisārathī
hatavāhaḥ kṛtaḥ ca asmi yuyudhānasya paśyataḥ

11. tena me ketuḥ ca chinnaḥ ca pārṣṇisārathī hatau
ca asmi hatavāhaḥ kṛtaḥ yuyudhānasya paśyataḥ

11. By him (Karna), my banner was cut down, and my charioteer and his protector (pārṣṇisārathī) were both killed. I was also rendered deprived of my vehicle (hatavāhaḥ), while Yuyudhana (Satyaki) was looking on.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him (Karna) (by him, by that)

• केतुः (ketuḥ) - banner (banner, flag, standard)

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - my (speaker's) (my, to me, for me)

• छिन्नः (chinnaḥ) - cut down (cut, severed, broken)

• हतौ (hatau) - were killed (killed (dual))

• च (ca) - and

• पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - my charioteer and his protector (two charioteers at the heels, charioteer and his protector)

• हतवाहः (hatavāhaḥ) - rendered deprived of a vehicle (deprived of a vehicle, whose steeds are killed)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was made / rendered (made, done, performed)

• च (ca) - also (and)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• युयुधानस्य (yuyudhānasya) - of Yuyudhana (Satyaki)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while looking on (of the seeing one, while seeing, looking on)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him (Karna) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karna.

केतुः (ketuḥ) - banner (banner, flag, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, sign, mark

Note: Subject of 'chinnaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मे (me) - my (speaker's) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Refers to the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira).

छिन्नः (chinnaḥ) - cut down (cut, severed, broken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, split, severed, broken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'chid' (to cut, split)

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'ketuḥ'.

हतौ (hatau) - were killed (killed (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'pārṣṇisārathī'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पार्ष्णिसारथी (pārṣṇisārathī) - my charioteer and his protector (two charioteers at the heels, charioteer and his protector)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pārṣṇisārathi

pārṣṇisārathi - charioteer and his protector, attendants at the chariot's rear

Compound type : dvandva (pārṣṇi+sārathi)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, protector
  noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dual subject, referring to two persons.

हतवाहः (hatavāhaḥ) - rendered deprived of a vehicle (deprived of a vehicle, whose steeds are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatavāha

hatavāha - whose vehicle/steeds are destroyed/killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+vāha)

• hata – killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• vāha – vehicle, steed, carrier
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vah' (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'I' (asmi).

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was made / rendered (made, done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb is 'asmi kṛtaḥ'.

च (ca) - also (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula, forms a compound predicate with 'kṛtaḥ'.

युयुधानस्य (yuyudhānasya) - of Yuyudhana (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhana (name of a warrior, also called Satyaki)

Note: Possessive, refers to Satyaki.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while looking on (of the seeing one, while seeing, looking on)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see), with 'paśya' stem

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuyudhānasya', indicating a concurrent action.