महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-46, verse-4

अक्षताभ्यामरिष्टाभ्यां कथं युध्य महारथम् ।
आशीविषसमं युद्धे सर्वशस्त्रविशारदम् ॥४॥

4. akṣatābhyāmariṣṭābhyāṁ kathaṁ yudhya mahāratham ,
āśīviṣasamaṁ yuddhe sarvaśastraviśāradam.

4. akṣatābhyām ariṣṭābhyām katham yudhya mahāratham
āśīviṣasamam yuddhe sarvaśastraviśāradam

4. akṣatābhyām ariṣṭābhyām katham yuddhe āśīviṣasamam
sarvaśastraviśāradam mahāratham yudhya

4. How are you two, who are unharmed and uninjured, to fight such a great charioteer, who is like a venomous snake in battle and skilled in all weapons?

Words meanings summery:

• अक्षताभ्याम् (akṣatābhyām) - by you two (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) who are unharmed (by/for the two unharmed, by/for the two uninjured)

• अरिष्टाभ्याम् (ariṣṭābhyām) - by you two (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) who are uninjured (by/for the two uninjured, by/for the two safe)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• युध्य (yudhya) - to be fought, for fighting, how to fight

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer

• आशीविषसमम् (āśīviṣasamam) - like a venomous snake

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

• सर्वशस्त्रविशारदम् (sarvaśastraviśāradam) - skilled in all weapons

Words meanings and morphology

अक्षताभ्याम् (akṣatābhyām) - by you two (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) who are unharmed (by/for the two unharmed, by/for the two uninjured)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of akṣata

akṣata - uninjured, unharmed, whole

past passive participle with negative prefix

from root kṣaṇ (to hurt) with negation a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣata)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• kṣata – injured, hurt
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root kṣaṇ
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with an implied dual pronoun referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.

अरिष्टाभ्याम् (ariṣṭābhyām) - by you two (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) who are uninjured (by/for the two uninjured, by/for the two safe)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of ariṣṭa

ariṣṭa - uninjured, safe, auspicious

past passive participle with negative prefix

from root riṣ (to hurt) with negation a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+riṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• riṣṭa – hurt, injured
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from root riṣ
  Root: riṣ (class 6)

Note: Synonymous with 'akṣata', reinforcing the idea of being untouched by harm.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of interrogation.

युध्य (yudhya) - to be fought, for fighting, how to fight

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yudh

yudh - to fight, to combat

gerundive/potential passive participle

root yudh (class 4) with suffix -ya

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Gerundive, indicating necessity or suitability for fighting.

महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a great warrior

compound of mahā and ratha

Compound type : karmaṇi tatpuruṣa (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied fighting.

आशीविषसमम् (āśīviṣasamam) - like a venomous snake

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśīviṣasama

āśīviṣasama - like a venomous snake

compound of āśīviṣa and sama

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (āśīviṣa+sama)

• āśīviṣa – a venomous snake (whose venom is in its fangs/breath)
  noun (masculine)
  compound of āśī (fang/mouth) and viṣa (poison)
• sama – like, equal, similar
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'mahāratham'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

past passive participle used as noun

from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

सर्वशस्त्रविशारदम् (sarvaśastraviśāradam) - skilled in all weapons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarvaśastraviśārada

sarvaśastraviśārada - skilled in all weapons

compound of sarva, śastra, and viśārada

Compound type : saptamī tatpuruṣa (sarva+śastra+viśārada)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• śastra – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
• viśārada – skilled, proficient, expert
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāratham'.