महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-46, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
महासत्त्वौ तु तौ दृष्ट्वा सहितौ केशवार्जुनौ ।
हतमाधिरथिं मेने संख्ये गाण्डीवधन्वना ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
mahāsattvau tu tau dṛṣṭvā sahitau keśavārjunau ,
hatamādhirathiṁ mene saṁkhye gāṇḍīvadhanvanā.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca mahāsattvau tu tau dṛṣṭvā sahitau
keśavārjunau hatam ādhirathim mene saṅkhye gāṇḍīvadhanvanā

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca: tu mahāsattvau sahitau tau keśavārjunau dṛṣṭvā (Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) saṅkhye gāṇḍīvadhanvanā ādhirathim hatam mene.

1. Sañjaya said: But seeing those two great-souled ones, Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna, reunited, he (Yudhiṣṭhira, implicitly) understood that Karṇa (Adhirathi's son) had been slain in battle by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator) (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• महासत्त्वौ (mahāsattvau) - great-souled, valiant, mighty

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तौ (tau) - those two (Keśava and Arjuna) (those two)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सहितौ (sahitau) - accompanied, reunited, together

• केशवार्जुनौ (keśavārjunau) - Kṛṣṇa (Keśava) and Arjuna (Keśava and Arjuna)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

• आधिरथिम् (ādhirathim) - Karṇa (son of Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha)

• मेने (mene) - understood (thought, considered, believed)

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat, in war

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna) (by the one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator) (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of a person), victorious

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect form of root vac (class 2) with irregular stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

महासत्त्वौ (mahāsattvau) - great-souled, valiant, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mahāsattva

mahāsattva - great-souled, valiant, mighty, noble, having great essence

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+sattva)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• sattva – being, existence, essence, spirit, courage, goodness
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two (Keśava and Arjuna) (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सहितौ (sahitau) - accompanied, reunited, together

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, united with, together, present

Past Passive Participle

Derived from upasarga sa (with) and hita (placed, from root dhā)

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

केशवार्जुनौ (keśavārjunau) - Kṛṣṇa (Keśava) and Arjuna (Keśava and Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of keśavārjuna

keśavārjuna - Keśava (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna (a dual compound)

Compound type : dvandva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Keśava (a name of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver
  proper noun (masculine)

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han

Root: han (class 2)

आधिरथिम् (ādhirathim) - Karṇa (son of Adhiratha) (son of Adhiratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādhirathi

ādhirathi - son of Adhiratha

Patronymic derived from Adhiratha

मेने (mene) - understood (thought, considered, believed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of man

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Middle Voice

Perfect form of root man (class 4) in the middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, combat, number, calculation

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna) (by the one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva, wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (an epithet for Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanus)

• gāṇḍīva – Gāṇḍīva (the name of Arjuna's celestial bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanus – bow, arc, rainbow
  noun (neuter)