महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-95, verse-4

तीर्णाः स्म दुस्तरं तात द्रोणानीकमहार्णवम् ।
जलसंधबलेनाजौ पुरुषादैरिवावृतम् ॥४॥

4. tīrṇāḥ sma dustaraṁ tāta droṇānīkamahārṇavam ,
jalasaṁdhabalenājau puruṣādairivāvṛtam.

4. tīrṇāḥ sma dustaram tāta droṇānīkamahārṇavam
jalasandhabalena ājau puruṣādaiḥ iva āvṛtam

4. tāta,
dustaram droṇānīkamahārṇavam,
ājau jalasandhabalena puruṣādaiḥ iva āvṛtam,
tīrṇāḥ sma

4. O dear one, we have crossed that impassable great ocean which is Droṇa's army, which in battle was enveloped as if by man-eaters and by the mighty force of water creatures.

Words meanings summery:

• तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - crossed, traversed, passed over

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

• दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - difficult to cross, impassable, formidable

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father, O child

• द्रोणानीकमहार्णवम् (droṇānīkamahārṇavam) - the great ocean of Droṇa's army

• जलसन्धबलेन (jalasandhabalena) - by the force of water creatures, with the strength of marine monsters

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• पुरुषादैः (puruṣādaiḥ) - by man-eaters, by human-devourers

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - surrounded, enveloped, covered

Words meanings and morphology

तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - crossed, traversed, passed over

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, passed, accomplished, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root tṛ (to cross over, swim).

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Implies 'we' (vayam) as the subject.

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

(indeclinable)

दुस्तरम् (dustaram) - difficult to cross, impassable, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dustara

dustara - difficult to cross or traverse, impassable

Gerundive sense

Prefix dur (difficult) + root tṛ (to cross) + suffix a.

Prefix: dur

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'droṇānīkamahārṇavam'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father, O child

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment or respect)

द्रोणानीकमहार्णवम् (droṇānīkamahārṇavam) - the great ocean of Droṇa's army

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇānīkamahārṇava

droṇānīkamahārṇava - the great ocean of Droṇa's army (metaphor for a vast and formidable army)

Compound of Droṇa (proper name) + anīka (army) + mahā (great) + arṇava (ocean).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+anīka+mahā+arṇava)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher in the Mahabharata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, face, front
  noun (neuter)
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  From mahat.
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛṇ (to go, move) + ava.
  Root: ṛṇ (class 5)

Note: Object of 'tīrṇāḥ sma'.

जलसन्धबलेन (jalasandhabalena) - by the force of water creatures, with the strength of marine monsters

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jalasandhabala

jalasandhabala - force of water creatures/monsters, strength of marine life (used metaphorically for formidable power)

Compound of jala (water) + sandha (creature, assembly) + bala (strength, force). Jalasandha itself means 'aquatic creature' or 'sea-monster'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+sandha+bala)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• sandha – creature, being, union, joining
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhā with sam. Jalasandha is often treated as a single word for 'sea creature'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• bala – strength, force, power, army
  noun (neuter)
  From root bal (to live, to strengthen).
  Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Describes the force with which the army was enveloped.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest, race

From root aj (to drive, fight).

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the location/context of the enveloping.

पुरुषादैः (puruṣādaiḥ) - by man-eaters, by human-devourers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puruṣāda

puruṣāda - man-eater, cannibal, rakṣasa (demon)

Compound of puruṣa (man) + ada (eater, consuming).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ada)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ada – eating, consuming, an eater
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root ad (to eat).
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Expresses the agents of enveloping, in simile.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - surrounded, enveloped, covered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - surrounded, covered, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'droṇānīkamahārṇavam'.