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7,95

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-95, verse-3

प्राणापहारिणं रौद्रं वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् ।
योधानामसुखस्पर्शं दुर्धर्षमजयैषिणाम् ॥३॥
3. prāṇāpahāriṇaṁ raudraṁ vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam ,
yodhānāmasukhasparśaṁ durdharṣamajayaiṣiṇām.
3. prāṇāpahāriṇam raudram vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam
yodhānām asukhasparśam durdharṣam ajayaiṣiṇām
3. prāṇāpahāriṇam raudram vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam
yodhānām asukhasparśam ajayaiṣiṇām durdharṣam
3. It was life-snatching, dreadful, resonated loudly with the sound of musical instruments, unpleasant to contact for warriors, and unconquerable for those desiring victory.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • प्राणापहारिणम् (prāṇāpahāriṇam) - life-snatching, taking away life
  • रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce
  • वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् (vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam) - sounded loudly by musical instruments, roaring with instruments
  • योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of the warriors, pertaining to the soldiers
  • असुखस्पर्शम् (asukhasparśam) - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort in contact
  • दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, formidable
  • अजयैषिणाम् (ajayaiṣiṇām) - of those desiring victory, of those wishing to conquer

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणापहारिणम् (prāṇāpahāriṇam) - life-snatching, taking away life
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇāpahārin
prāṇāpahārin - one who takes away life, life-snatching, deadly
Agent noun/adjective
Compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and apahārin (taking away); derived from root hṛ with prefix apa and suffix ṇini.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+apahārin)
  • prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life
    noun (masculine)
    From root an (to breathe) with prefix pra.
    Prefix: pra
    Root: an (class 2)
  • apahārin – taking away, removing, carrying off
    adjective (masculine)
    Agent noun/adjective
    From root hṛ (to seize, carry off) with prefix apa and suffix ṇini.
    Prefix: apa
    Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of raudra
raudra - dreadful, fierce, terrible; relating to Rudra
From rudra with aṇ suffix.
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् (vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam) - sounded loudly by musical instruments, roaring with instruments
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vāditrotkruṣṭanādita
vāditrotkruṣṭanādita - sounded loudly by musical instruments, noisy with instruments' loud sounds
Past Passive Participle (nādita) combined in compound
Compound of vāditra (musical instrument) + utkruṣṭa (loudly sounded) + nādita (sounded). It's an instrumental tatpuruṣa (vāditraiḥ utkruṣṭaṃ nāditam) or bahuvrīhi.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāditra+utkruṣṭa+nādita)
  • vāditra – musical instrument, instrument for playing
    noun (neuter)
    From root vad (to speak, sound) with itra suffix.
    Root: vad (class 1)
  • utkruṣṭa – shouted, screamed, loud, excellent
    adjective (masculine)
    Past Passive Participle
    From root kruś (to cry, shout) with prefix ut.
    Prefix: ut
    Root: kruś (class 1)
  • nādita – sounded, caused to sound, roared
    adjective (masculine)
    Past Passive Participle
    From root nad (to sound, roar).
    Root: nad (class 1)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of the warriors, pertaining to the soldiers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha
yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter
From root yudh (to fight).
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Connected to 'asukhasparśam'.
असुखस्पर्शम् (asukhasparśam) - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort in contact
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of asukhasparśa
asukhasparśa - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort by contact
Compound of asukha (unhappiness, discomfort) and sparśa (touch, contact).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (asukha+sparśa)
  • asukha – unhappiness, discomfort, sorrow, not happy
    adjective (neuter)
    Negative prefix a + sukha (happiness, comfort).
  • sparśa – touch, contact, feeling
    noun (masculine)
    From root spṛś (to touch).
    Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, formidable
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa
durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, unconquerable, unassailable, formidable
Gerundive sense
Prefix dur (difficult, bad) + root dhṛṣ (to be bold, attack) + suffix a.
Prefix: dur
Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
अजयैषिणाम् (ajayaiṣiṇām) - of those desiring victory, of those wishing to conquer
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of ajayaiṣin
ajayaiṣin - desiring victory, desiring no defeat
Agent noun/adjective
From ajaya (non-defeat, victory) + eṣin (desiring). The 'a' in 'ajaya' here is interpreted contextually as 'absence of defeat', hence 'victory'.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajaya+eṣin)
  • ajaya – non-victory, defeat, unconquered, invincible
    noun (masculine)
    Negative prefix a + jaya (victory). Contextually implies 'non-defeat' or 'invincibility', hence effectively 'victory'.
    Root: ji (class 1)
  • eṣin – desiring, seeking, wishing
    adjective (masculine)
    Agent noun/adjective
    From root iṣ (to desire) with suffix ṇini.
    Root: iṣ (class 6)
Note: Connected to 'durdharṣam'.