महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-7, chapter-95, verse-3
प्राणापहारिणं रौद्रं वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् ।
योधानामसुखस्पर्शं दुर्धर्षमजयैषिणाम् ॥३॥
योधानामसुखस्पर्शं दुर्धर्षमजयैषिणाम् ॥३॥
3. prāṇāpahāriṇaṁ raudraṁ vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam ,
yodhānāmasukhasparśaṁ durdharṣamajayaiṣiṇām.
yodhānāmasukhasparśaṁ durdharṣamajayaiṣiṇām.
3.
prāṇāpahāriṇam raudram vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam
yodhānām asukhasparśam durdharṣam ajayaiṣiṇām
yodhānām asukhasparśam durdharṣam ajayaiṣiṇām
3.
prāṇāpahāriṇam raudram vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam
yodhānām asukhasparśam ajayaiṣiṇām durdharṣam
yodhānām asukhasparśam ajayaiṣiṇām durdharṣam
3.
It was life-snatching, dreadful, resonated loudly with the sound of musical instruments, unpleasant to contact for warriors, and unconquerable for those desiring victory.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्राणापहारिणम् (prāṇāpahāriṇam) - life-snatching, taking away life
- रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce
- वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् (vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam) - sounded loudly by musical instruments, roaring with instruments
- योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of the warriors, pertaining to the soldiers
- असुखस्पर्शम् (asukhasparśam) - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort in contact
- दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, formidable
- अजयैषिणाम् (ajayaiṣiṇām) - of those desiring victory, of those wishing to conquer
Words meanings and morphology
प्राणापहारिणम् (prāṇāpahāriṇam) - life-snatching, taking away life
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇāpahārin
prāṇāpahārin - one who takes away life, life-snatching, deadly
Agent noun/adjective
Compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and apahārin (taking away); derived from root hṛ with prefix apa and suffix ṇini.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+apahārin)
- prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life
noun (masculine)
From root an (to breathe) with prefix pra.
Prefix: pra
Root: an (class 2) - apahārin – taking away, removing, carrying off
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/adjective
From root hṛ (to seize, carry off) with prefix apa and suffix ṇini.
Prefix: apa
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
रौद्रम् (raudram) - dreadful, terrible, fierce
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of raudra
raudra - dreadful, fierce, terrible; relating to Rudra
From rudra with aṇ suffix.
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
वादित्रोत्क्रुष्टनादितम् (vāditrotkruṣṭanāditam) - sounded loudly by musical instruments, roaring with instruments
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vāditrotkruṣṭanādita
vāditrotkruṣṭanādita - sounded loudly by musical instruments, noisy with instruments' loud sounds
Past Passive Participle (nādita) combined in compound
Compound of vāditra (musical instrument) + utkruṣṭa (loudly sounded) + nādita (sounded). It's an instrumental tatpuruṣa (vāditraiḥ utkruṣṭaṃ nāditam) or bahuvrīhi.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāditra+utkruṣṭa+nādita)
- vāditra – musical instrument, instrument for playing
noun (neuter)
From root vad (to speak, sound) with itra suffix.
Root: vad (class 1) - utkruṣṭa – shouted, screamed, loud, excellent
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kruś (to cry, shout) with prefix ut.
Prefix: ut
Root: kruś (class 1) - nādita – sounded, caused to sound, roared
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root nad (to sound, roar).
Root: nad (class 1)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
योधानाम् (yodhānām) - of the warriors, pertaining to the soldiers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha
yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter
From root yudh (to fight).
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Connected to 'asukhasparśam'.
असुखस्पर्शम् (asukhasparśam) - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort in contact
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of asukhasparśa
asukhasparśa - unpleasant to the touch, causing discomfort by contact
Compound of asukha (unhappiness, discomfort) and sparśa (touch, contact).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (asukha+sparśa)
- asukha – unhappiness, discomfort, sorrow, not happy
adjective (neuter)
Negative prefix a + sukha (happiness, comfort). - sparśa – touch, contact, feeling
noun (masculine)
From root spṛś (to touch).
Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
दुर्धर्षम् (durdharṣam) - unconquerable, difficult to overcome, formidable
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa
durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, unconquerable, unassailable, formidable
Gerundive sense
Prefix dur (difficult, bad) + root dhṛṣ (to be bold, attack) + suffix a.
Prefix: dur
Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'army' (anīkam).
अजयैषिणाम् (ajayaiṣiṇām) - of those desiring victory, of those wishing to conquer
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of ajayaiṣin
ajayaiṣin - desiring victory, desiring no defeat
Agent noun/adjective
From ajaya (non-defeat, victory) + eṣin (desiring). The 'a' in 'ajaya' here is interpreted contextually as 'absence of defeat', hence 'victory'.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajaya+eṣin)
- ajaya – non-victory, defeat, unconquered, invincible
noun (masculine)
Negative prefix a + jaya (victory). Contextually implies 'non-defeat' or 'invincibility', hence effectively 'victory'.
Root: ji (class 1) - eṣin – desiring, seeking, wishing
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/adjective
From root iṣ (to desire) with suffix ṇini.
Root: iṣ (class 6)
Note: Connected to 'durdharṣam'.