महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-9

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
संसाध्य तु महात्मानं भीष्मं भीमपराक्रमम् ।
किमकार्षुः परं तात कुरवः कालचोदिताः ॥९॥

9. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
saṁsādhya tu mahātmānaṁ bhīṣmaṁ bhīmaparākramam ,
kimakārṣuḥ paraṁ tāta kuravaḥ kālacoditāḥ.

9. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃsādhya tu mahātmānam bhīṣmam
bhīmaparākramam kim akārṣuḥ param tāta kuravaḥ kālacoditāḥ

9. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca he tāta mahātmānam bhīmaparākramam
bhīṣmam tu saṃsādhya kālacoditāḥ kuravaḥ param kim akārṣuḥ

9. Dhritarashtra said: "My dear son, after the great-souled (mahātman) Bhishma, whose valor was formidable, had been brought down, what did the Kurus, impelled by time (kāla), do then?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संसाध्य (saṁsādhya) - having caused the downfall of Bhishma (having accomplished, having slain, having brought down)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Bhishma, the great-souled one (the great-souled one, the noble one)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

• भीमपराक्रमम् (bhīmaparākramam) - of terrible valor, formidable in might

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what (interrogative pronoun)

• अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did, they made

• परम् (param) - next, further, then, afterwards

• तात (tāta) - dear son (Dhritarashtra addressing Sanjaya) (dear son, dear father, dear one)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus)

• कालचोदिताः (kālacoditāḥ) - impelled by time, driven by fate

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

From dhṛta (held, supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ-
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Irregular perfect form from root vac-

Root: vac (class 2)

संसाध्य (saṁsādhya) - having caused the downfall of Bhishma (having accomplished, having slain, having brought down)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From sam-sādh with suffix -ya (when preceded by a prefix)

Prefix: sam

Root: sādh (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Bhishma, the great-souled one (the great-souled one, the noble one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent (mahātman)

Compound of mahā (great) + ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies Bhishma.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent warrior in the Mahabharata)

भीमपराक्रमम् (bhīmaparākramam) - of terrible valor, formidable in might

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmaparākrama

bhīmaparākrama - of terrible might, formidable valor, having dreadful prowess

Compound of bhīma (terrible, formidable) + parākrama (valor, might)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+parākrama)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective
  From root bhī- (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• parākrama – valor, might, prowess, strength
  noun (masculine)
  From parā-kram
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhishma.

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, what (interrogative pronoun)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, what kind of

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Here, it acts as an interrogative pronoun in the nominative or accusative, as the object of akārṣuḥ.

अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Tense (Luṅ)

3rd person plural aorist active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The augment a- is characteristic of the aorist.

परम् (param) - next, further, then, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter singular accusative of para (adjective)

तात (tāta) - dear son (Dhritarashtra addressing Sanjaya) (dear son, dear father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear father, dear son, dear one (term of endearment)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru (descendant of Kuru), a member of the Kuru dynasty

Note: Subject of akārṣuḥ.

कालचोदिताः (kālacoditāḥ) - impelled by time, driven by fate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālacodita

kālacodita - impelled by time, urged by fate, driven by destiny

Compound of kāla (time, fate) + codita (impelled, urged)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+codita)

• kāla – time, destiny, fate, death (kāla)
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, directed, instigated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cud- (to impel, to urge)
  Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Modifies kuravaḥ.