महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-24

पतिते भरतश्रेष्ठे बभूव कुरुवाहिनी ।
द्यौरिवापेतनक्षत्रा हीनं खमिव वायुना ॥२४॥

24. patite bharataśreṣṭhe babhūva kuruvāhinī ,
dyaurivāpetanakṣatrā hīnaṁ khamiva vāyunā.

24. patite bharataśreṣṭhe babhūva kuruvāhinī
dyauḥ iva apetanakṣatrā hīnam kham iva vāyunā

24. bharataśreṣṭhe patite kuruvāhinī apetanakṣatrā dyauḥ iva,
vāyunā hīnam kham iva babhūva.

24. When the foremost of the Bharatas (Bhishma) fell, the Kuru army became like a sky without its constellations, or like space deprived of air.

Words meanings summery:

• पतिते (patite) - when Bhishma fell (having fallen, when fallen)

• भरतश्रेष्ठे (bharataśreṣṭhe) - when Bhishma, the best of Bharatas, fell (in the best among Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, came into being)

• कुरुवाहिनी (kuruvāhinī) - the Kuru army (Kuru army, army of the Kurus)

• द्यौः (dyauḥ) - the sky (sky, heaven)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अपेतनक्षत्रा (apetanakṣatrā) - without constellations (devoid of stars, stars having departed)

• हीनम् (hīnam) - deprived of (deprived of, wanting, inferior)

• खम् (kham) - space (sky, space, ether)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by air (by air, by wind)

Words meanings and morphology

पतिते (patite) - when Bhishma fell (having fallen, when fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) with 'kta' suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially as a locative absolute construction.

भरतश्रेष्ठे (bharataśreṣṭhe) - when Bhishma, the best of Bharatas, fell (in the best among Bharatas, O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among the Bharatas, foremost of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king, an Indian
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree from 'praśasya'

Note: Used adverbially as a locative absolute construction.

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active

Root: bhū (class 1)

कुरुवाहिनी (kuruvāhinī) - the Kuru army (Kuru army, army of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kuruvāhinī

kuruvāhinī - Kuru army, army of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vāhinī)

• kuru – a member of the Kuru dynasty, the Kuru kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• vāhinī – an army, a river
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vah (class 1)

द्यौः (dyauḥ) - the sky (sky, heaven)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dyu

dyu - sky, heaven, light, day

Note: This is the nominative singular of 'div' (dyu).

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अपेतनक्षत्रा (apetanakṣatrā) - without constellations (devoid of stars, stars having departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apetanakṣatra

apetanakṣatra - whose stars have departed, devoid of stars

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (apeta+nakṣatra)

• apeta – departed, gone away, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'apa' and 'kta' suffix
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)
• nakṣatra – star, constellation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine form matching 'dyauḥ'.

हीनम् (hīnam) - deprived of (deprived of, wanting, inferior)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, deprived of, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, leave) with 'kta' suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Accusative neuter, agreeing with 'kham'.

खम् (kham) - space (sky, space, ether)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, space, ether, air

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

वायुना (vāyunā) - by air (by air, by wind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, a deity (Vayu)

Note: Instrumental of agency, 'deprived by air'.