महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-29

सा तदासीद्भृशं सेना व्याकुलाश्वरथद्विपा ।
विषण्णभूयिष्ठनरा कृपणा द्रष्टुमाबभौ ॥२९॥

29. sā tadāsīdbhṛśaṁ senā vyākulāśvarathadvipā ,
viṣaṇṇabhūyiṣṭhanarā kṛpaṇā draṣṭumābabhau.

29. sā tadā āsīt bhṛśam senā vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipā
viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-narā kṛpaṇā draṣṭum ābabhau

29. sā senā tadā bhṛśam vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipā
viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-narā kṛpaṇā draṣṭum ābabhau āsīt

29. That army then was greatly agitated, with its horses, chariots, and elephants in disarray, and most of its men dejected. It appeared pitiable to behold.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - that (feminine)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

• सेना (senā) - army, host, force

• व्याकुल-अश्व-रथ-द्विपा (vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipā) - with agitated horses, chariots, and elephants

• विषण्ण-भूयिष्ठ-नरा (viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-narā) - with most men dejected

• कृपणा (kṛpaṇā) - pitiable, miserable, wretched

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to behold

• आबभौ (ābabhau) - appeared, shone, looked

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to 'senā' (army).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, intensely

(indeclinable)

सेना (senā) - army, host, force

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, force

व्याकुल-अश्व-रथ-द्विपा (vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipā) - with agitated horses, chariots, and elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipa

vyākula-aśva-ratha-dvipa - one whose horses, chariots, and elephants are agitated/confused

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vyākula+aśva+ratha+dvipa)

• vyākula – agitated, confused, perturbed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kul (to be agitated) with upasargas vi and ā
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• dvipa – elephant (literally 'drinking twice')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'senā' (army).

विषण्ण-भूयिष्ठ-नरा (viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-narā) - with most men dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-nara

viṣaṇṇa-bhūyiṣṭha-nara - one whose most men are dejected

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+bhūyiṣṭha+nara)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, despairing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sad (to sink) with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• bhūyiṣṭha – most, very much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of bahu (much)
• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'senā' (army).

कृपणा (kṛpaṇā) - pitiable, miserable, wretched

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, miserable, wretched, poor

Note: Refers to 'senā' (army).

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to behold

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आबभौ (ābabhau) - appeared, shone, looked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhā

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: bhā (class 2)

Previous Verse Next Verse