महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-12

देवव्रते तु निहते कुरूणामृषभे तदा ।
यदकार्षुर्नृपतयस्तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१२॥

12. devavrate tu nihate kurūṇāmṛṣabhe tadā ,
yadakārṣurnṛpatayastanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

12. devavrate tu nihate kurūṇām ṛṣabhe tadā yat
akārṣuḥ nṛpatayaḥ tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

12. saṃjaya tadā kurūṇām ṛṣabhe devavrate tu
nihate nṛpatayaḥ yat akārṣuḥ tat mama ācakṣva

12. Sanjaya, tell me what the kings did then, when Devavrata, the best of the Kurus, was killed.

Words meanings summery:

• देवव्रते (devavrate) - in Bhishma (in Devavrata (Bhishma))

• तु (tu) - then, and (but, indeed, however, and)

• निहते (nihate) - when he was killed (in having been killed, defeated)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• ऋषभे (ṛṣabhe) - in the best (in the bull, best, chief)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• यत् (yat) - what (what, which, that)

• अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did (they did, they made)

• नृपतयः (nṛpatayaḥ) - kings

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to 'what the kings did') (that, what)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, relate)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

देवव्रते (devavrate) - in Bhishma (in Devavrata (Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - Devavrata (name of Bhishma), one whose vow is divine

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine, celestial
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - then, and (but, indeed, however, and)

(indeclinable)

निहते (nihate) - when he was killed (in having been killed, defeated)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, defeated

Past Passive Participle

from ni-han + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: used adverbially with devavrate

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

ऋषभे (ṛṣabhe) - in the best (in the bull, best, chief)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, pre-eminent

Note: used as an adjective modifying Devavrata

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the action performed by the kings.

अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist

3rd person plural aorist active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नृपतयः (nṛpatayaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to 'what the kings did') (that, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: used here in dative sense 'to me'

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, relate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)