महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-23

अजावय इवागोपा वने श्वापदसंकुले ।
भृशमुद्विग्नमनसो हीना देवव्रतेन ते ॥२३॥

23. ajāvaya ivāgopā vane śvāpadasaṁkule ,
bhṛśamudvignamanaso hīnā devavratena te.

23. ajāvayaḥ iva agopāḥ vane śvāpada saṃkule
bhṛśam udvigna manasaḥ hīnāḥ devavratena te

23. te agopāḥ śvāpadasaṃkule vane ajāvayaḥ iva
bhṛśam udvignamanasaḥ devavratena hīnāḥ

23. Like goats and sheep without a shepherd in a forest infested with wild animals, they (the Kauravas), their minds greatly agitated, were devoid of Devavrata (Bhishma).

Words meanings summery:

• अजावयः (ajāvayaḥ) - goats and sheep

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अगोपाः (agopāḥ) - without a protector, shepherdless

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• श्वापद (śvāpada) - wild animal, beast of prey

• संकुले (saṁkule) - infested with (wild animals) (crowded, full of, infested with)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• उद्विग्न (udvigna) - agitated, distressed, perturbed

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - whose minds (of the mind, by the mind)

• हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - devoid of (deprived of, devoid of, abandoned)

• देवव्रतेन (devavratena) - by Devavrata (Bhishma) (by Devavrata)

• ते (te) - they (the Kauravas) (they, those)

Words meanings and morphology

अजावयः (ajāvayaḥ) - goats and sheep

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajāvi

ajāvi - goats and sheep (collective or dvandva compound)

Compound type : dvandva (aja+avi)

• aja – goat, unborn (Brahman), driver
  noun (masculine)
• avi – sheep, ewe, protector
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अगोपाः (agopāḥ) - without a protector, shepherdless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of agopa

agopa - without a herdsman/protector, shepherdless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+gopa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• gopa – cowherd, protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water, collection

श्वापद (śvāpada) - wild animal, beast of prey

(noun)

of śvāpada

śvāpada - wild animal, beast of prey

Note: part of a compound

संकुले (saṁkule) - infested with (wild animals) (crowded, full of, infested with)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, full of, infested with, confused, agitated

derived from root kul (to collect) with prefix sam

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvāpada+saṃkula)

• śvāpada – wild animal, beast of prey
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkula – crowded, full of, infested with, confused, agitated
  adjective
  derived from root kul with upasarga sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

उद्विग्न (udvigna) - agitated, distressed, perturbed

(adjective)

of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, distressed, perturbed, anxious

Past Passive Participle

derived from root vij with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: part of a compound

मनसः (manasaḥ) - whose minds (of the mind, by the mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udvigna+manas)

• udvigna – agitated, distressed, perturbed, anxious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root vij with upasarga ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: inflected as part of the bahuvrīhi compound 'udvignamanasaḥ'

हीनाः (hīnāḥ) - devoid of (deprived of, devoid of, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīna

hīna - deprived of, devoid of, abandoned, inferior, deficient

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

देवव्रतेन (devavratena) - by Devavrata (Bhishma) (by Devavrata)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - Devavrata (original name of Bhishma), one who has taken a divine vow

ते (te) - they (the Kauravas) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they