महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
तमप्रतिमसत्त्वौजोबलवीर्यपराक्रमम् ।
हतं देवव्रतं श्रुत्वा पाञ्चाल्येन शिखण्डिना ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
tamapratimasattvaujobalavīryaparākramam ,
hataṁ devavrataṁ śrutvā pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca tam apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākramam
hatam devavratam śrutvā pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca pāñcālyena śikhaṇḍinā hatam tam
apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākramam devavratam śrutvā

1. Janamejaya said: Hearing that Devavrata (Bhīṣma) – who possessed unequalled courage, energy, strength, valor, and prowess – had been killed by Shikhaṇḍī, the son of Pañcāla...

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - referring to Devavrata (Bhīṣma) (that, him)

• अप्रतिम-सत्त्व-ओजस्-बल-वीर्य-पराक्रमम् (apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākramam) - whose courage, energy, strength, valor, and prowess were unequalled

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• देवव्रतम् (devavratam) - Devavrata (Bhīṣma)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - By Shikhaṇḍī (by the son of Pañcāla (Drupada), by Shikhaṇḍī)

• शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhaṇḍī

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

from √vac (to speak); perfect form, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - referring to Devavrata (Bhīṣma) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Devavrata, the object of 'hearing'.

अप्रतिम-सत्त्व-ओजस्-बल-वीर्य-पराक्रमम् (apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākramam) - whose courage, energy, strength, valor, and prowess were unequalled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākrama

apratima-sattva-ojas-bala-vīrya-parākrama - whose courage, energy, strength, valor, and prowess were unequalled

Compound type : bahuvrihi (apratima+sattva+ojas+bala+vīrya+parākrama)

• apratima – unequalled, incomparable
  adjective (masculine)
  a (neg) + pratima (equal)
  Prefix: a
• sattva – courage, strength, existence, goodness
  noun (neuter)
• ojas – energy, vitality, vigor
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• vīrya – valor, heroism, manliness
  noun (neuter)
• parākrama – prowess, might, valor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound modifying 'tam' (Devavratam).

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Participle modifying 'devavratam'.

देवव्रतम् (devavratam) - Devavrata (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - Devavrata (name of Bhīṣma), one who has taken a vow to the gods

Compound: deva (god) + vrata (vow)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from √śru (to hear) + suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

पाञ्चाल्येन (pāñcālyena) - By Shikhaṇḍī (by the son of Pañcāla (Drupada), by Shikhaṇḍī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - son of Pañcāla, belonging to Pañcāla

derived from Pañcāla

Note: Agent of 'hatam'.

शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhaṇḍī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhaṇḍī (name of a warrior)

Note: Agent of 'hatam', in apposition with pāñcālyena.