महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-10

तस्मिन्विनिहते शूरे दुराधर्षे महौजसि ।
किं नु स्वित्कुरवोऽकार्षुर्निमग्नाः शोकसागरे ॥१०॥

10. tasminvinihate śūre durādharṣe mahaujasi ,
kiṁ nu svitkuravo'kārṣurnimagnāḥ śokasāgare.

10. tasmin vinihate śūre durādharṣe mahojasi kim
nu svit kuravaḥ akārṣuḥ nimagnāḥ śokasāgare

10. tasmin śūre durādharṣe mahojasi vinihate sati
nimagnāḥ kuravaḥ śokasāgare kim nu svit akārṣuḥ

10. When that heroic, invincible, and mighty warrior was slain, what indeed could the Kurus, submerged in an ocean of sorrow, have done?

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that (Bhishma) (in that, upon him, when that)

• विनिहते (vinihate) - having been slain, killed

• शूरे (śūre) - the heroic (Bhishma) (in the hero, to the hero)

• दुराधर्षे (durādharṣe) - the irresistible (Bhishma) (in the irresistible, in the invincible)

• महोजसि (mahojasi) - the mighty (Bhishma) (in the great-powered, in the mighty)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle)

• स्वित् (svit) - perhaps, indeed (interrogative particle)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus)

• अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did, they made

• निमग्नाः (nimagnāḥ) - submerged, immersed, plunged

• शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When that (Bhishma) (in that, upon him, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this (demonstrative pronoun)

विनिहते (vinihate) - having been slain, killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vinihata

vinihata - slain, killed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ni-han (to strike down, kill)

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

शूरे (śūre) - the heroic (Bhishma) (in the hero, to the hero)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, valiant

दुराधर्षे (durādharṣe) - the irresistible (Bhishma) (in the irresistible, in the invincible)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - irresistible, invincible, difficult to be overcome

Gerundive (Nijanta)

From dur-ā-dhṛṣ (difficult to overcome/touch)

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

महोजसि (mahojasi) - the mighty (Bhishma) (in the great-powered, in the mighty)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahojas

mahojas - of great energy, mighty, of great power

Compound of mahā (great) + ojas (energy, power)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ojas)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ojas – energy, vigor, might, strength
  noun (neuter)
  Root: uj (class 6)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, what kind of

Interrogative pronoun

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle)

(indeclinable)

स्वित् (svit) - perhaps, indeed (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kaurava warriors (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru (descendant of Kuru)

Note: Subject of akārṣuḥ.

अकार्षुः (akārṣuḥ) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Tense (Luṅ)

3rd person plural aorist active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निमग्नाः (nimagnāḥ) - submerged, immersed, plunged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nimagna

nimagna - submerged, immersed, sunk, plunged

Past Passive Participle

From ni-maj (to sink, plunge)

Prefix: ni

Root: maj (class 6)

शोकसागरे (śokasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokasāgara

śokasāgara - ocean of sorrow, sea of grief

Compound of śoka (sorrow) + sāgara (ocean)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+sāgara)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc- (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the state of the Kurus.