महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-42

तावकास्तव पुत्राश्च सहिताः सर्वराजभिः ।
हा कर्ण इति चाक्रन्दन्कालोऽयमिति चाब्रुवन् ॥४२॥

42. tāvakāstava putrāśca sahitāḥ sarvarājabhiḥ ,
hā karṇa iti cākrandankālo'yamiti cābruvan.

42. tāvakāḥ tava putrāḥ ca sahitāḥ sarva-rāja-bhiḥ hā
karṇa iti ca ākrandan kālaḥ ayam iti ca abruvan

42. tava putrāḥ ca tāvakāḥ sarva-rāja-bhiḥ sahitāḥ hā
karṇa iti ca ākrandan ca ayam kālaḥ iti abruvan

42. Your sons and your men, accompanied by all the kings, cried out, 'Alas, Karna!' and said, 'This is the critical time!'

Words meanings summery:

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Dhritarashtra's) forces/men (your people, your men, those belonging to you)

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons (Kauravas) (sons)

• च (ca) - and

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied by, joined with, together with

• सर्व-राज-भिः (sarva-rāja-bhiḥ) - by all kings

• हा (hā) - an exclamation of distress (alas!, oh!)

• कर्ण (karṇa) - Vocative address to Karna (Karna)

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (quotative marker)

• च (ca) - and

• आक्रन्दन् (ākrandan) - cried out, lamented

• कालः (kālaḥ) - critical time, time of destruction (time, fate, death)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (quotative marker)

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (Dhritarashtra's) forces/men (your people, your men, those belonging to you)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your men

Derived from pronominal stem 'tvad'

Note: Refers to the Kaurava warriors

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular of 'you'

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons (Kauravas) (sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied by, joined with, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix sa- and suffix -ita (or simply 'sahita' as a primary derivative)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'tāvakāḥ' and 'putrāḥ'

सर्व-राज-भिः (sarva-rāja-bhiḥ) - by all kings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva-rājan

sarva-rājan - all kings

Compound type : karmadharaya (sarva+rājan)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

हा (hā) - an exclamation of distress (alas!, oh!)

(indeclinable)

कर्ण (karṇa) - Vocative address to Karna (Karna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (quotative marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आक्रन्दन् (ākrandan) - cried out, lamented

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of krand

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect active, parasmaipada, with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: krand (class 1)

कालः (kālaḥ) - critical time, time of destruction (time, fate, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, fate, death, proper time

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, (quotative marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect active, parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)