महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-46

यत्तद्वैकर्तनं कर्णमगमद्वो मनस्तदा ।
अप्यपश्यत राधेयं सूतपुत्रं तनुत्यजम् ॥४६॥

46. yattadvaikartanaṁ karṇamagamadvo manastadā ,
apyapaśyata rādheyaṁ sūtaputraṁ tanutyajam.

46. yat tat vaikartanam karṇam agamat vaḥ manaḥ tadā
api apaśyata rādheyam sūtaputram tanutyajam

46. yat tadā vaḥ manaḥ vaikartanam karṇam agamat
api rādheyam sūtaputram tanutyajam apaśyata

46. When your minds were then fixed on Karṇa, the son of Vikartana (Sūrya), did you also see Rādhā's son, the charioteer's son, abandoning his body (dying)?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - when, that (which, what, that (as a conjunction))

• तत् (tat) - that (Karṇa) (that, he, she, it)

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karṇa, as the son of Sūrya (who is also called Vikartana) (son of Vikartana (Sūrya))

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - The great warrior Karṇa, son of Sūrya and Kuntī. (Karṇa (a hero in the Mahābhārata))

• अगमत् (agamat) - mind was fixed on, went to (went, reached, attained)

• वः (vaḥ) - your (minds) (your (plural, genitive/dative/accusative))

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अपि (api) - (interrogative particle) (also, even, whether (interrogative particle))

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - you saw (plural)

• राधेयम् (rādheyam) - Karṇa, as the son of his foster mother Rādhā. (son of Rādhā (Karṇa))

• सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Karṇa, as he was raised by a charioteer (Adhiratha), thus emphasizing his perceived low status. (son of a charioteer)

• तनुत्यजम् (tanutyajam) - Karṇa, dying on the battlefield. (abandoning the body, dying)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - when, that (which, what, that (as a conjunction))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a subordinate clause, often translated as 'when' or 'that'.

तत् (tat) - that (Karṇa) (that, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karṇa, as the son of Sūrya (who is also called Vikartana) (son of Vikartana (Sūrya))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - relating to Vikartana; son of Vikartana (an epithet of Karṇa)

patronymic derived from Vikartana

Note: Adjective describing Karṇa.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - The great warrior Karṇa, son of Sūrya and Kuntī. (Karṇa (a hero in the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a prominent character in the Mahābhārata

अगमत् (agamat) - mind was fixed on, went to (went, reached, attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

imperfect (laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect active of root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with manas in the sense of 'mind being fixed on'.

वः (vaḥ) - your (minds) (your (plural, genitive/dative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Genitive plural, possessive.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, heart

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of agamat.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad

अपि (api) - (interrogative particle) (also, even, whether (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - you saw (plural)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect (laṅ)

2nd person plural imperfect active of root dṛś (which uses paśya- stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राधेयम् (rādheyam) - Karṇa, as the son of his foster mother Rādhā. (son of Rādhā (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā, an epithet of Karṇa

patronymic from Rādhā

Note: Another epithet for Karṇa.

सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Karṇa, as he was raised by a charioteer (Adhiratha), thus emphasizing his perceived low status. (son of a charioteer)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer; an epithet of Karṇa

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another epithet for Karṇa, often used disparagingly.

तनुत्यजम् (tanutyajam) - Karṇa, dying on the battlefield. (abandoning the body, dying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tanutyaj

tanutyaj - abandoning the body, dying

agent noun / verbal adjective

Compound tanu (body) + tyaj (abandoning, from root tyaj)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (tanu+tyaj)

• tanu – body, form
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tan (class 8)
• tyaj – abandoning, giving up
  verbal root
  agent noun from root tyaj
  From root tyaj (to abandon, forsake)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies Karṇa (rādheyam, sūtaputram).

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