महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-2

धृतराष्ट्रस्तदा राजा शोकव्याकुलचेतनः ।
किमचेष्टत विप्रर्षे हते पितरि वीर्यवान् ॥२॥

2. dhṛtarāṣṭrastadā rājā śokavyākulacetanaḥ ,
kimaceṣṭata viprarṣe hate pitari vīryavān.

2. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ tadā rājā śoka-vyākula-cetanaḥ
kim aceṣṭata viprarṣe hate pitari vīryavān

2. viprarṣe tadā hate pitari śoka-vyākula-cetanaḥ
vīryavān rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ kim aceṣṭata

2. Then, O sage, what did the powerful King Dhritarashtra do, his mind agitated by grief, when his father (Bhīṣma) was killed?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजा (rājā) - king

• शोक-व्याकुल-चेतनः (śoka-vyākula-cetanaḥ) - whose mind was agitated by grief

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अचेष्टत (aceṣṭata) - did he do, did he act

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Addressing Sanjaya (O sage, O great Brahmin)

• हते (hate) - having been killed, slain

• पितरि (pitari) - when Bhīṣma (who was like a father) (in the father, when the father)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - Referring to Dhritarashtra, despite his blindness, as he is the sovereign. (powerful, valorous, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: In apposition with Dhritarashtra.

शोक-व्याकुल-चेतनः (śoka-vyākula-cetanaḥ) - whose mind was agitated by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka-vyākula-cetana

śoka-vyākula-cetana - whose mind is agitated by grief

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śoka+vyākula+cetana)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• vyākula – agitated, perplexed, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  from vi + ā + √kul (to gather) + suffix -a
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• cetana – mind, consciousness, intelligent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Dhritarashtra.

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

अचेष्टत (aceṣṭata) - did he do, did he act

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ceṣṭa

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

from √ceṣṭ (to move, act); imperfect form, ātmanepada

Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - Addressing Sanjaya (O sage, O great Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - Brahmin sage, eminent sage

Compound: vipra (brahmin) + ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – Brahmin, inspired, wise
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

हते (hate) - having been killed, slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'pitari'.

पितरि (pitari) - when Bhīṣma (who was like a father) (in the father, when the father)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Locative absolute construction with 'hate'.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - Referring to Dhritarashtra, despite his blindness, as he is the sovereign. (powerful, valorous, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, mighty, courageous

from vīrya (valor) + matup suffix

Note: Modifies Dhritarashtra.