महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-34

भीष्मेण हि महाबाहुः सर्वक्षत्रस्य पश्यतः ।
रथेषु गण्यमानेषु बलविक्रमशालिषु ।
संख्यातोऽर्धरथः कर्णो द्विगुणः सन्नरर्षभः ॥३४॥

34. bhīṣmeṇa hi mahābāhuḥ sarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ ,
ratheṣu gaṇyamāneṣu balavikramaśāliṣu ,
saṁkhyāto'rdharathaḥ karṇo dviguṇaḥ sannararṣabhaḥ.

34. bhīṣmeṇa hi mahābāhuḥ sarvakṣatrasya
paśyataḥ ratheṣu gaṇyamāneṣu
balavikramaśāliṣu saṃkhyātaḥ ardharathaḥ
karṇaḥ dviguṇaḥ san nararṣabhaḥ

34. hi nararṣabha sarvakṣatrasya paśyataḥ
bhīṣmeṇa mahābāhuḥ karṇaḥ
balavikramaśāliṣu ratheṣu gaṇyamāneṣu
dviguṇaḥ san ardharathaḥ saṃkhyātaḥ

34. Indeed, as all kṣatriyas looked on, the mighty-armed Karṇa was counted by Bhīṣma as an 'Ardharatha' (half-chariot warrior), even though he was twice as formidable among the charioteers who were being ranked for their strength and valor, O best among men.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Karṇa, who possessed great arms (a warrior's epithet) (mighty-armed)

• सर्वक्षत्रस्य (sarvakṣatrasya) - of all kshatriyas

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (seeing, watching)

• रथेषु (ratheṣu) - among the charioteers (in chariots, among charioteers)

• गण्यमानेषु (gaṇyamāneṣu) - who were being ranked (being counted, being reckoned)

• बलविक्रमशालिषु (balavikramaśāliṣu) - possessing strength and valor

• संख्यातः (saṁkhyātaḥ) - was counted/ranked (counted, reckoned)

• अर्धरथः (ardharathaḥ) - "half-chariot warrior" (a specific ranking) (half-charioteer, warrior of half strength)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - having twice the prowess/strength (twofold, double, twice as powerful)

• सन् (san) - even though he was (being) (being)

• नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - O best of men

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Note: Agent of the action 'counted'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Karṇa, who possessed great arms (a warrior's epithet) (mighty-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - having mighty arms, long-armed, powerful

Bahuvrihi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'bāhu' (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Karṇa.

सर्वक्षत्रस्य (sarvakṣatrasya) - of all kshatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvakṣatra

sarvakṣatra - all kshatriyas, the entire kshatriya class

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'kṣatra' (kshatriya/warrior class).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kṣatra)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• kṣatra – kshatriya, warrior class, dominion
  noun (neuter)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while watching (seeing, watching)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching, looking

Present Active Participle

From √dṛś (to see), changed to paśya- in present stem. Genitive singular masculine.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथेषु (ratheṣu) - among the charioteers (in chariots, among charioteers)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot, charioteer

गण्यमानेषु (gaṇyamāneṣu) - who were being ranked (being counted, being reckoned)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of gaṇyamāna

gaṇyamāna - being counted, being reckoned, being regarded

Present Passive Participle

From √gaṇ (to count, reckon) + yamāna suffix (passive middle present participle). Locative plural masculine.

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

बलविक्रमशालिषु (balavikramaśāliṣu) - possessing strength and valor

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of balavikramaśālin

balavikramaśālin - possessing strength and valor, mighty and valiant

Bahuvrihi compound: 'bala' (strength) + 'vikrama' (valor) + 'śālin' (possessing).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bala+vikrama+śālin)

• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, heroism
  noun (masculine)
• śālin – possessing, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -śālin denoting possession.

संख्यातः (saṁkhyātaḥ) - was counted/ranked (counted, reckoned)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkhyāta

saṁkhyāta - counted, enumerated, reckoned, esteemed

Past Passive Participle

From √khyā (to tell, relate) with prefix 'sam'. Nominative singular masculine.

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

अर्धरथः (ardharathaḥ) - "half-chariot warrior" (a specific ranking) (half-charioteer, warrior of half strength)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardharatha

ardharatha - half a chariot, a warrior of half the strength of a 'Ratha'

Compound of 'ardha' (half) and 'ratha' (chariot/charioteer).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+ratha)

• ardha – half
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

द्विगुणः (dviguṇaḥ) - having twice the prowess/strength (twofold, double, twice as powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double, twice, having twice the value/quality

Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'guṇa' (quality, fold).

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, fold, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

सन् (san) - even though he was (being) (being)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

From √as (to be) + Śatṛ suffix. Nominative singular masculine.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Karṇa.

नरर्षभः (nararṣabhaḥ) - O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - chief of men, best of men, bull among men

Tatpurusha compound: 'nara' (man) + 'ṛṣabha' (bull, chief, best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)