महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-1, verse-33

स हि नायुध्यत तदा दशाहानि महायशाः ।
सामात्यबन्धुः कर्णो वै तमाह्वयत माचिरम् ॥३३॥

33. sa hi nāyudhyata tadā daśāhāni mahāyaśāḥ ,
sāmātyabandhuḥ karṇo vai tamāhvayata māciram.

33. sa hi na ayudhyata tadā daśāhāni mahāyaśāḥ
sāmātyabandhuḥ karṇaḥ vai tam āhvayata mā ciram

33. hi mahāyaśāḥ saḥ tadā daśāhāni na ayudhyata
vai sāmātyabandhuḥ karṇaḥ tam mā ciram āhvayata

33. Indeed, that highly renowned one (Karṇa) did not fight then for ten days. Karṇa himself, with his ministers and relatives, indeed urged him (Bhīṣma), 'Do not delay!'

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Karṇa (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• न (na) - not

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he did not fight (he fought)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - for ten days (duration) (ten days)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Karṇa (highly renowned, glorious)

• सामात्यबन्धुः (sāmātyabandhuḥ) - (Karṇa) accompanied by his ministers and relatives (with ministers and relatives)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

• तम् (tam) - Bhīṣma (him, that)

• आह्वयत (āhvayata) - he urged/called upon (he summoned, he called)

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• चिरम् (ciram) - delay (long, for a long time, delay)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Karṇa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he did not fight (he fought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of √yudh

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular Imperfect Middle from √yudh (4th class: yudhyate).

Root: yudh (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad' + suffix 'dā'.

दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - for ten days (duration) (ten days)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of daśāhan

daśāhan - ten days

Compound of 'daśa' (ten) and 'ahan' (day).

Compound type : dvigu (daśa+ahan)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Karṇa (highly renowned, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - having great fame/glory, highly renowned

Bahuvrihi compound: 'mahat' (great) + 'yaśas' (fame).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+yaśas)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

सामात्यबन्धुः (sāmātyabandhuḥ) - (Karṇa) accompanied by his ministers and relatives (with ministers and relatives)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāmātyabandhu

sāmātyabandhu - accompanied by ministers and relatives

Bahuvrihi compound: 'sa' (with) + 'amātyabandhu' (ministers and relatives). 'Amātyabandhu' is a Dvandva compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+amātya+bandhu)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• amātya – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle.

तम् (tam) - Bhīṣma (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

आह्वयत (āhvayata) - he urged/called upon (he summoned, he called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of √hvā

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular Imperfect Middle from √hvā (1st class: hvayati/hvayate) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle.

चिरम् (ciram) - delay (long, for a long time, delay)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative of 'cira' or directly as an indeclinable meaning 'for a long time'.