महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-90, verse-19

गुरुं प्रव्यथितं दृष्ट्वा राजा दुर्योधनः स्वयम् ।
द्रौणायनिश्च संक्रुद्धौ भीमसेनमभिद्रुतौ ॥१९॥

19. guruṁ pravyathitaṁ dṛṣṭvā rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam ,
drauṇāyaniśca saṁkruddhau bhīmasenamabhidrutau.

19. gurum pravyathitam dṛṣṭvā rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam
drauṇāyaniḥ ca saṃkruddhau bhīmasenam abhidrutau

19. rājā duryodhanaḥ svayam ca drauṇāyaniḥ saṃkruddhau,
gurum pravyathitam dṛṣṭvā,
bhīmasenam abhidrutau

19. Upon seeing his preceptor (guru) greatly distressed, King Duryodhana himself and Droṇāyani (Aśvatthāmā), both greatly enraged, rushed towards Bhīmasena.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुम् (gurum) - Refers to Droṇa, the military preceptor (guru) of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas. (preceptor, teacher, weighty one)

• प्रव्यथितम् (pravyathitam) - Describes the state of Droṇa after being hit. (greatly distressed, deeply troubled)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The action preceding Duryodhana and Droṇāyani's rage and charge. (having seen)

• राजा (rājā) - Referring to King Duryodhana. (king)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes Duryodhana's direct involvement. (himself, personally)

• द्रौणायनिः (drauṇāyaniḥ) - Referring to Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son. (son of Droṇa, Droṇāyani (Aśvatthāmā))

• च (ca) - Connects Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (and)

• संक्रुद्धौ (saṁkruddhau) - Describes the emotional state of Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (greatly enraged, furious)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - The target of their attack. (Bhīmasena)

• अभिद्रुतौ (abhidrutau) - Describes the action of Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (rushed towards, attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुम् (gurum) - Refers to Droṇa, the military preceptor (guru) of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas. (preceptor, teacher, weighty one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, weighty, important

Masculine accusative singular

Root: gṝ (class 1)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

प्रव्यथितम् (pravyathitam) - Describes the state of Droṇa after being hit. (greatly distressed, deeply troubled)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravyathita

pravyathita - greatly distressed, deeply troubled

past passive participle

From pra-vyath (to be greatly distressed)

Prefix: pra

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Adjectival to `gurum`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The action preceding Duryodhana and Droṇāyani's rage and charge. (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Indeclinable past participle used to link actions

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolute construction.

राजा (rājā) - Referring to King Duryodhana. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine nominative singular

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Apposition to Duryodhanaḥ.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest Kaurava prince. (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Masculine nominative singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: One of the subjects performing the action.

स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes Duryodhana's direct involvement. (himself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sva (self)

Note: Adverbial to `Duryodhanaḥ`.

द्रौणायनिः (drauṇāyaniḥ) - Referring to Aśvatthāmā, Droṇa's son. (son of Droṇa, Droṇāyani (Aśvatthāmā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇāyani

drauṇāyani - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā

Masculine nominative singular, patronymic from Droṇa

Note: One of the subjects, forming a dual with Duryodhana.

च (ca) - Connects Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संक्रुद्धौ (saṁkruddhau) - Describes the emotional state of Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (greatly enraged, furious)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

past passive participle

From sam-krudh (to be greatly angry)

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Adjectival to the dual subject.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - The target of their attack. (Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (a Pāṇḍava prince)

Masculine accusative singular

Note: Object of `abhidrutau` (implied action).

अभिद्रुतौ (abhidrutau) - Describes the action of Duryodhana and Droṇāyani. (rushed towards, attacked)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhidruta

abhidruta - rushed towards, attacked

past passive participle

From abhi-dru (to run towards, attack). Used here predicatively for a past action

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Predicative use, indicating the action of the dual subject.