महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-90, verse-18

स गाढविद्धो व्यथितो वयोवृद्धश्च भारत ।
प्रनष्टसंज्ञः सहसा रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ॥१८॥

18. sa gāḍhaviddho vyathito vayovṛddhaśca bhārata ,
pranaṣṭasaṁjñaḥ sahasā rathopastha upāviśat.

18. saḥ gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ vayovṛddhaḥ ca bhārata
pranaṣṭasaṃjñaḥ sahasā rathopasthe upāviśat

18. bhārata,
saḥ gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ ca vayovṛddhaḥ pranaṣṭasaṃjñaḥ sahasā rathopasthe upāviśat

18. O Bhārata, he (Droṇa), deeply wounded, distressed, and advanced in age, suddenly lost consciousness and sat down in his chariot's seat.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa, who was struck by Bhīmasena. (he, that)

• गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's condition after being struck. (deeply pierced, severely wounded)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's state. (distressed, troubled, agitated)

• वयोवृद्धः (vayovṛddhaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's characteristic. (advanced in age, old)

• च (ca) - Connects the attributes of Droṇa. (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - Standard address in the Mahābhārata, usually to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• प्रनष्टसंज्ञः (pranaṣṭasaṁjñaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's state after being hit. (having lost consciousness, unconscious)

• सहसा (sahasā) - Describes the sudden onset of unconsciousness. (suddenly, instantly, by force)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - Refers to the specific spot in the chariot where Droṇa sat. (in the chariot's seat, on the chariot-stand)

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - Describes Droṇa's action of collapsing into his seat. (he sat down)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Droṇa, who was struck by Bhīmasena. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of tad

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's condition after being struck. (deeply pierced, severely wounded)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍhaviddha

gāḍhaviddha - deeply pierced, severely wounded

past passive participle

Tatpurusha compound: gāḍha (deeply) + viddha (pierced, from root vyadh)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gāḍha+viddha)

• gāḍha – deep, firm, intense
  adjective
  Past passive participle of root gāh (to plunge, enter deeply)
  Root: gāh (class 1)
• viddha – pierced, wounded, struck
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root vyadh (to pierce, strike)
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Adjectival to `saḥ`.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's state. (distressed, troubled, agitated)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated

past passive participle

From root vyath (to tremble, be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Adjectival to `saḥ`.

वयोवृद्धः (vayovṛddhaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's characteristic. (advanced in age, old)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vayovṛddha

vayovṛddha - advanced in age, old

Tatpurusha compound: vayas (age) + vṛddha (grown, old)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vayas+vṛddha)

• vayas – age, period of life
  noun (neuter)
  neuter noun
• vṛddha – old, grown, increased
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjectival to `saḥ`.

च (ca) - Connects the attributes of Droṇa. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - Standard address in the Mahābhārata, usually to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata

Vocative singular, masculine, from bhārata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

प्रनष्टसंज्ञः (pranaṣṭasaṁjñaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's state after being hit. (having lost consciousness, unconscious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pranaṣṭasaṃjña

pranaṣṭasaṁjña - unconscious, having lost awareness

Bahuvrihi compound: pra (prefix) + naṣṭa (lost, P.P.P. of naś) + saṃjñā (consciousness, awareness)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pranaṣṭa+saṃjñā)

• pranaṣṭa – lost, perished, destroyed
  participle
  past passive participle
  From pra-naś (to be lost, perish)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: naś (class 4)
• saṃjñā – consciousness, awareness, name
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-jñā (to know, perceive)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjectival to `saḥ`.

सहसा (sahasā) - Describes the sudden onset of unconsciousness. (suddenly, instantly, by force)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental of sahas (power, force), used adverbially

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Adverbial.

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - Refers to the specific spot in the chariot where Droṇa sat. (in the chariot's seat, on the chariot-stand)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot-stand, chariot-seat, proximity to the chariot

Tatpurusha compound: ratha (chariot) + upastha (lap, seat, proximity)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root r̥ (to go)
  Root: r̥ (class 1)
• upastha – lap, seat, proximity
  noun (masculine)
  From upa (near) + sthā (to stand)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - Describes Droṇa's action of collapsing into his seat. (he sat down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaviś

Imperfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. From upa-viś (to enter, sit)

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)