महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-141, verse-2

योऽयं पृथिव्याः कार्त्स्न्येन विनाशः समुपस्थितः ।
निमित्तं तत्र शकुनिरहं दुःशासनस्तथा ।
दुर्योधनश्च नृपतिर्धृतराष्ट्रसुतोऽभवत् ॥२॥

2. yo'yaṁ pṛthivyāḥ kārtsnyena vināśaḥ samupasthitaḥ ,
nimittaṁ tatra śakunirahaṁ duḥśāsanastathā ,
duryodhanaśca nṛpatirdhṛtarāṣṭrasuto'bhavat.

2. yaḥ ayam pṛthivyāḥ kārtsnyena vināśaḥ
samupasthitaḥ nimittam tatra śakuniḥ
aham duḥśāsanaḥ tathā duryodhanaḥ
ca nṛpatiḥ dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ abhavat

2. ayam yaḥ pṛthivyāḥ kārtsnyena vināśaḥ samupasthitaḥ,
tatra nimittam śakuniḥ,
aham,
duḥśāsanaḥ tathā ca nṛpatiḥ dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ duryodhanaḥ abhavat

2. This complete destruction of the earth, which has now become imminent, has its cause in Shakuni, myself, Duhshasana, and King Duryodhana, the son of Dhritarashtra.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - (the destruction) which (who, which, he who)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (impending destruction) (this)

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the entire world (of the earth, of the world)

• कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in its entirety (completely, entirely, wholly)

• विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - the devastation (destruction, ruin, annihilation)

• समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - has become imminent (arrived, present, imminent, arisen)

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - the cause (cause, reason, sign, omen)

• तत्र (tatra) - for that (destruction) (there, in that place, in that matter)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (proper name))

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I, myself)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana (Duhshasana (proper name))

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, similarly, so)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - King (king, ruler)

• धृतराष्ट्रसुतः (dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ) - son of Dhritarashtra

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was (the cause) (became, was, happened)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - (the destruction) which (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to 'vināśaḥ'

अयम् (ayam) - this (impending destruction) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'vināśaḥ'

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the entire world (of the earth, of the world)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, world, ground

कार्त्स्न्येन (kārtsnyena) - in its entirety (completely, entirely, wholly)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kārtsnya

kārtsnya - completeness, totality, entirety

Derived from 'kṛtsna' (whole, entire) with 'ṣyañ' suffix

Note: Functions as an adverb here, 'by completeness' meaning 'completely'

विनाशः (vināśaḥ) - the devastation (destruction, ruin, annihilation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, annihilation

Derived from verb root 'naś' (to perish) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - has become imminent (arrived, present, imminent, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - arrived, present, imminent, ready, standing by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa'

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective for 'vināśaḥ'

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - the cause (cause, reason, sign, omen)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - cause, reason, sign, omen, mark

Note: Used here as a predicate nominative, 'is the cause'

तत्र (tatra) - for that (destruction) (there, in that place, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative case of 'tad' used as an adverb

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (Shakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (name of a king of Gandhara and maternal uncle of Duryodhana)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana (Duhshasana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duhshasana (name of a Kaurava prince, second son of Dhritarashtra)

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, similarly, so)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - King (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

धृतराष्ट्रसुतः (dhṛtarāṣṭrasutaḥ) - son of Dhritarashtra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭrasuta

dhṛtarāṣṭrasuta - son of Dhritarashtra

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛtarāṣṭra+suta)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king of Hastinapura)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born, child
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sū' (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

अभवत् (abhavat) - was (the cause) (became, was, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'Duryodhanaḥ'