महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-141, verse-10

सोमस्य लक्ष्म व्यावृत्तं राहुरर्कमुपेष्यति ।
दिवश्चोल्काः पतन्त्येताः सनिर्घाताः सकम्पनाः ॥१०॥

10. somasya lakṣma vyāvṛttaṁ rāhurarkamupeṣyati ,
divaścolkāḥ patantyetāḥ sanirghātāḥ sakampanāḥ.

10. somasya lakṣma vyāvṛttaṃ rāhuḥ arkam upeṣyati
divaḥ ca ulkāḥ patanti etāḥ sanirghātāḥ sakampanāḥ

10. somasya lakṣma vyāvṛttaṃ rāhuḥ arkam upeṣyati ca
divas etāḥ ulkāḥ sanirghātāḥ sakampanāḥ patanti

10. The moon's mark (dark spots) is obscured, and Rahu is about to approach the sun. Moreover, these meteors are falling from the sky accompanied by thunderous crashes and tremors.

Words meanings summery:

• सोमस्य (somasya) - of the moon, of Soma (the deity or plant)

• लक्ष्म (lakṣma) - the dark spots on the moon (mark, sign, characteristic, spot)

• व्यावृत्तं (vyāvṛttaṁ) - obscured, not visible clearly (turned away, disappeared, obscured, changed)

• राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (mythical planet)

• अर्कम् (arkam) - to the sun, the sun

• उपेष्यति (upeṣyati) - will approach, will reach

• दिवः (divaḥ) - from the sky, of the sky

• च (ca) - and, also

• उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors, firebrands, fiery shafts

• पतन्ति (patanti) - fall

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - with loud crashes, accompanied by thunderous sounds

• सकम्पनाः (sakampanāḥ) - with trembling, accompanied by tremors

Words meanings and morphology

सोमस्य (somasya) - of the moon, of Soma (the deity or plant)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma (deity), Soma (plant juice)

लक्ष्म (lakṣma) - the dark spots on the moon (mark, sign, characteristic, spot)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣman

lakṣman - mark, sign, characteristic, spot

Note: The final 'n' of the stem 'lakṣman' is dropped in the nominative singular.

व्यावृत्तं (vyāvṛttaṁ) - obscured, not visible clearly (turned away, disappeared, obscured, changed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyāvṛtta

vyāvṛtta - turned away, disappeared, obscured, changed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt with prefixes vi and ā.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'lakṣma'.

राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (mythical planet)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāhu

rāhu - Rahu (mythical celestial body causing eclipses)

अर्कम् (arkam) - to the sun, the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray of light, copper

Note: Object of 'upeṣyati'.

उपेष्यति (upeṣyati) - will approach, will reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of upa-iṣ

Future Tense

From root 'iṣ' (to go, move) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: iṣ (class 4)

दिवः (divaḥ) - from the sky, of the sky

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Note: Ablative case, indicating origin ('from the sky').

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors, firebrands, fiery shafts

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, firebrand, torch

Note: Subject of 'patanti'.

पतन्ति (patanti) - fall

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Tense

Root: pat (class 1)

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'ulkāḥ'.

सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - with loud crashes, accompanied by thunderous sounds

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sanirghāta

sanirghāta - accompanied by crashes/thunderous sounds

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+nirghāta)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• nirghāta – crash, thunder, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from nir + han (to strike).
  Prefix: nir
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ulkāḥ'.

सकम्पनाः (sakampanāḥ) - with trembling, accompanied by tremors

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sakampana

sakampana - accompanied by trembling/tremors

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+kampana)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• kampana – trembling, shaking, tremor
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kamp (to tremble).
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ulkāḥ'.