महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-8

प्राप्तः स्यां यद्यहं वीर वधं तस्मिन्महारणे ।
श्रेयस्तद्भविता मह्यमेवंभूतं न जीवितम् ॥८॥

8. prāptaḥ syāṁ yadyahaṁ vīra vadhaṁ tasminmahāraṇe ,
śreyastadbhavitā mahyamevaṁbhūtaṁ na jīvitam.

8. prāptaḥ syām yadi aham vīra vadham tasmin mahāraṇe
śreyaḥ tat bhavitā mahyam evaṃbhūtam na jīvitam

8. O hero, if I had met death in that great battle, that would have been far better for me than this kind of life.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - met with (death) (obtained, reached, met with)

• स्याम् (syām) - I might be, I should be

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)

• वीर (vīra) - (Duryodhana addressing himself or his charioteer) (O hero)

• वधम् (vadham) - slaying, death

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - better, more auspicious, welfare

• तत् (tat) - referring to obtaining death (that)

• भविता (bhavitā) - would be, will be, should be

• मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me, to me

• एवंभूतम् (evaṁbhūtam) - such a life as this (of shame and humiliation) (such, being in such a state, thus)

• न (na) - not, no

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - met with (death) (obtained, reached, met with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, met with

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra (forth, greatly) + kta

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

स्याम् (syām) - I might be, I should be

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a conditional clause with 'yadi'.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'syām' and 'prāptaḥ'.

वीर (vīra) - (Duryodhana addressing himself or his charioteer) (O hero)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Addressing a hero, possibly himself in a lament or his charioteer.

वधम् (vadham) - slaying, death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, death, injury

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāptaḥ'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'mahāraṇe'.

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, major war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From root raṇ (to sound, to rejoice, to fight)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the battle where Duryodhana was captured.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - better, more auspicious, welfare

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, excellent, welfare, good fortune

Comparative form of śrī (prosperity) or praśasya (excellent)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'tat'.

तत् (tat) - referring to obtaining death (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the preceding conditional clause.

भविता (bhavitā) - would be, will be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic future (luṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb for 'tat śreyaḥ'.

मह्यम् (mahyam) - for me, to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Recipient of the welfare.

एवंभूतम् (evaṁbhūtam) - such a life as this (of shame and humiliation) (such, being in such a state, thus)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of evaṃbhūta

evaṁbhūta - being so, such, in such a state or manner

Past Passive Participle (compound)

From evam (thus) + bhūta (become)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (evam+bhūta)

• evam – thus, so, in this manner
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, happened, past, being
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become) + kta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root jīv (to live) + kta

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'asti' (is).