महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-40

प्रायः प्रधानाः पुरुषाः क्षोभयन्त्यरिवाहिनीम् ।
निगृह्यन्ते च युद्धेषु मोक्ष्यन्ते च स्वसैनिकैः ॥४०॥

40. prāyaḥ pradhānāḥ puruṣāḥ kṣobhayantyarivāhinīm ,
nigṛhyante ca yuddheṣu mokṣyante ca svasainikaiḥ.

40. prāyaḥ pradhānāḥ puruṣāḥ kṣobhayanti arivāhinīm
nigṛhyante ca yuddheṣu mokṣyante ca svasainikaiḥ

40. Generally, leading individuals destabilize the enemy's army. They are, however, captured in battles and subsequently liberated by their own soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally, mostly (mostly, generally, usually)

• प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - leading, important (principal, chief, prominent)

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, individuals (referring to prominent warriors) (men, persons, male individuals, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

• क्षोभयन्ति (kṣobhayanti) - they destabilize, they agitate (they agitate, they disturb, they shake)

• अरिवाहिनीम् (arivāhinīm) - the enemy's army (enemy army, host of foes)

• निगृह्यन्ते (nigṛhyante) - they are captured (they are seized, they are restrained, they are captured)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles (in battles, in wars)

• मोक्ष्यन्ते (mokṣyante) - they are released, they are freed (future tense used generally, or as a statement of certainty) (they will be released, they will be freed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्वसैनिकैः (svasainikaiḥ) - by their own soldiers (by one's own soldiers)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - generally, mostly (mostly, generally, usually)

(indeclinable)

प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - leading, important (principal, chief, prominent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, prominent, excellent, main

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ'.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, individuals (referring to prominent warriors) (men, persons, male individuals, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, male, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

क्षोभयन्ति (kṣobhayanti) - they destabilize, they agitate (they agitate, they disturb, they shake)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṣobhay

Causative Present Active

Causative of root kṣubh- 'to shake, to tremble'

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

अरिवाहिनीम् (arivāhinīm) - the enemy's army (enemy army, host of foes)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arivāhinī

arivāhinī - enemy army, hostile force

Compound noun

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (ari+vāhinī)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• vāhinī – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)

निगृह्यन्ते (nigṛhyante) - they are captured (they are seized, they are restrained, they are captured)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of nigrah

Present Passive

Root grah- 'to seize' with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positional conjunction.

युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles (in battles, in wars)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root yudh- 'to fight'

Root: yudh (class 4)

मोक्ष्यन्ते (mokṣyante) - they are released, they are freed (future tense used generally, or as a statement of certainty) (they will be released, they will be freed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, future (lṛṭ) of mokṣ

Future Passive

Derived from root muc- 'to release' (causative stem) with passive ending -yate. Often used as 'they will be released' or 'they get released'

Root: muc (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positional conjunction.

स्वसैनिकैः (svasainikaiḥ) - by their own soldiers (by one's own soldiers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svasainika

svasainika - one's own soldier, private soldier

Compound noun

Compound type : karma dhāraya (sva+sainika)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• sainika – soldier, pertaining to an army
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from senā 'army'

Note: Agent in a passive construction.