महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-38

राजन्नद्यावगच्छामि तवेह लघुसत्त्वताम् ।
किमत्र चित्रं यद्वीर मोक्षितः पाण्डवैरसि ।
सद्यो वशं समापन्नः शत्रूणां शत्रुकर्शन ॥३८॥

38. rājannadyāvagacchāmi taveha laghusattvatām ,
kimatra citraṁ yadvīra mokṣitaḥ pāṇḍavairasi ,
sadyo vaśaṁ samāpannaḥ śatrūṇāṁ śatrukarśana.

38. rājan adya avagacchāmi tava iha
laghusattvatām kim atra citram yat vīra
mokṣitaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ asi sadyaḥ vaśam
samāpannaḥ śatrūṇām śatrukarśana

38. O King, today I realize your lack of fortitude (laghusattvatām) in this matter. What is surprising about this, O 'hero', is that you were set free by the Pāṇḍavas? O 'tormentor of enemies', you immediately fell into the power of your foes.

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address) (O king)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I realize, I understand (I understand, I know, I comprehend)

• तव (tava) - your

• इह (iha) - in this matter, in this situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

• लघुसत्त्वताम् (laghusattvatām) - lack of fortitude, faintheartedness (faintheartedness, weakness of spirit, trivial nature)

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

• चित्रम् (citram) - surprising, a wonder (wonderful, surprising, strange)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

• वीर (vīra) - O 'hero' (sarcastic vocative) (O hero, brave man)

• मोक्षितः (mokṣitaḥ) - released, set free (released, liberated, freed)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• असि (asi) - you are

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, recently)

• वशम् (vaśam) - power, control (control, power, will)

• समापन्नः (samāpannaḥ) - fallen into (the power of) (obtained, arrived at, fallen into)

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of your foes (of enemies)

• शत्रुकर्शन (śatrukarśana) - O 'tormentor of enemies' (sarcastic vocative) (O tormentor of enemies, destroyer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - O king (vocative address) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I realize, I understand (I understand, I know, I comprehend)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avagam

Present Active

Root gam- 'to go' with prefix ava- 'down, away'

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

इह (iha) - in this matter, in this situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

लघुसत्त्वताम् (laghusattvatām) - lack of fortitude, faintheartedness (faintheartedness, weakness of spirit, trivial nature)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laghusattvatā

laghusattvatā - faintheartedness, meanness, triviality, lightness of being

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (laghu+sattva)

• laghu – light, small, trifling, quick, faint
  adjective (neuter)
• sattva – being, existence, essence, inner nature, strength, courage, goodness
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Note: Used here to introduce a rhetorical question.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

चित्रम् (citram) - surprising, a wonder (wonderful, surprising, strange)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - bright, clear, variegated, wonderful, strange, surprising

Note: Agrees with 'kim'.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a subordinating conjunction.

वीर (vīra) - O 'hero' (sarcastic vocative) (O hero, brave man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

मोक्षितः (mokṣitaḥ) - released, set free (released, liberated, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣita

mokṣita - released, set free, liberated

Past Passive Participle

Causative of root muc- 'to release, to free'

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you' (tvam).

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root verb, Parasmaipada, 2nd conjugation (adādi)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, recently)

(indeclinable)

वशम् (vaśam) - power, control (control, power, will)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, desire, control, power, authority

समापन्नः (samāpannaḥ) - fallen into (the power of) (obtained, arrived at, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāpanna

samāpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, incurred, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad- 'to go, fall' with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you' (tvam).

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of your foes (of enemies)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

शत्रुकर्शन (śatrukarśana) - O 'tormentor of enemies' (sarcastic vocative) (O tormentor of enemies, destroyer of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatrukarśana

śatrukarśana - harassing enemies, tormenting foes, destroyer of enemies

Compound noun, agentive meaning 'one who torments enemies'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+karśana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• karśana – emaciating, tormenting, causing distress
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root kṛś- 'to make thin, to torment'
  Root: kṛś (class 1)