महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-18

अहो बत यथेदं मे कष्टं दुश्चरितं कृतम् ।
स्वयं दुर्बुद्धिना मोहाद्येन प्राप्तोऽस्मि संशयम् ॥१८॥

18. aho bata yathedaṁ me kaṣṭaṁ duścaritaṁ kṛtam ,
svayaṁ durbuddhinā mohādyena prāpto'smi saṁśayam.

18. aho bata yathā idam me kaṣṭam duścaritam kṛtam
svayam durbuddhinā mohāt yena prāptaḥ asmi saṃśayam

18. Alas, oh, how this grievous misdeed (duścarita) was committed by me, a foolish person (durbuddhi), on my own, out of delusion (moha), due to which I have now fallen into a state of danger.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Expressing lament or regret. (Alas! Oh! Ah!)

• बत (bata) - Expressing lament or regret. (Alas! Oh! (an interjection of sorrow or surprise))

• यथा (yathā) - how, just as, in what manner

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the misdeed. (this)

• मे (me) - Here, instrumental 'by me' (equivalent to `mayā`). (by me, to me, my)

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Grievous, painful (qualifying `duścaritam`). (difficult, painful, miserable, evil; suffering, difficulty, pain)

• दुश्चरितम् (duścaritam) - misdeed, evil act, bad conduct, sinful act

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, personally, automatically

• दुर्बुद्धिना (durbuddhinā) - Refers to the speaker himself, lamenting his poor judgment. (by the foolish one, by the one with evil intellect)

• मोहात् (mohāt) - From a state of confusion or error. (from delusion, out of infatuation, due to ignorance)

• येन (yena) - Refers to the misdeed (`duścaritam`) as the cause. (by which, due to which)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - Fallen into (a state of doubt/danger). (obtained, reached, achieved, fallen into)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - Here, implies a state of peril or critical uncertainty. (doubt, uncertainty, danger, peril)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Expressing lament or regret. (Alas! Oh! Ah!)

(indeclinable)

बत (bata) - Expressing lament or regret. (Alas! Oh! (an interjection of sorrow or surprise))

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - how, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the misdeed. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here (demonstrative pronoun)

मे (me) - Here, instrumental 'by me' (equivalent to `mayā`). (by me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Equivalent to `mayā` (instrumental singular).

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Grievous, painful (qualifying `duścaritam`). (difficult, painful, miserable, evil; suffering, difficulty, pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, miserable, bad; suffering, difficulty, pain (as noun)

Past Passive Participle

From root `kaṣ` + `kta` suffix.

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `duścaritam`.

दुश्चरितम् (duścaritam) - misdeed, evil act, bad conduct, sinful act

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duścarita

duścarita - misdeed, evil act, bad conduct, sinful act

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from `dus-` (bad) + root `car` (to act) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: dus

Root: car (class 1)

Note: It is a past passive participle used as a noun, meaning 'what has been ill-done'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, acted

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` with `kta` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective to `idam`.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, personally, automatically

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that the action was performed by the speaker himself.

दुर्बुद्धिना (durbuddhinā) - Refers to the speaker himself, lamenting his poor judgment. (by the foolish one, by the one with evil intellect)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - foolish, stupid, ill-minded; a foolish person

Bahuvrihi compound: `dus` (bad) + `buddhi` (intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+buddhi)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, reason
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `budh` (to know, understand).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied agent 'mayā' (by me).

मोहात् (mohāt) - From a state of confusion or error. (from delusion, out of infatuation, due to ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, confusion, ignorance, bewilderment

Derived from root `muh` (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of the misdeed.

येन (yena) - Refers to the misdeed (`duścaritam`) as the cause. (by which, due to which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Connects the misdeed to the consequence.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - Fallen into (a state of doubt/danger). (obtained, reached, achieved, fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, achieved, gained

Past Passive Participle

From `pra-` + root `āp` with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `aham` (I), which is the implied subject of `asmi`.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 1st singular

From root `as`.

Root: as (class 2)

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - Here, implies a state of peril or critical uncertainty. (doubt, uncertainty, danger, peril)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, danger, risk

From `sam-` + root `śī` (to lie, doubt) with suffix `a`.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of `prāptaḥ asmi`.