महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं चिन्तापरिगतो दुःशासनमथाब्रवीत् ।
दुःशासन निबोधेदं वचनं मम भारत ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ cintāparigato duḥśāsanamathābravīt ,
duḥśāsana nibodhedaṁ vacanaṁ mama bhārata.

21. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam cintāparigataḥ duḥśāsanam atha
abravīt duḥśāsana nibodha idam vacanam mama bhārata

21. Vaiśampaayana said: Thus overwhelmed by anxiety, he then spoke to Duḥśāsana: "O Duḥśāsana, listen to these words of mine, O Bhārata."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampaayana, the narrator. (Vaiśampaayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• चिन्तापरिगतः (cintāparigataḥ) - surrounded by worry, overwhelmed by anxiety

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, said

• दुःशासन (duḥśāsana) - O Duḥśāsana

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, listen

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the words that follow. (this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, instruction

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• भारत (bhārata) - Here, addressing Duḥśāsana, a kinsman of the Bharata dynasty. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampaayana, the narrator. (Vaiśampaayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

चिन्तापरिगतः (cintāparigataḥ) - surrounded by worry, overwhelmed by anxiety

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintāparigata

cintāparigata - overwhelmed by worry; afflicted by anxiety

Tatpurusha compound: cintā (worry) + parigata (surrounded/overwhelmed, past passive participle of pari-√gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cintā+parigata)

• cintā – worry, anxiety, thought
  noun (feminine)
  From √cit
  Root: cit (class 1)
• parigata – surrounded, overwhelmed, gone around
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  pari- + √gam
  Prefix: pari
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (e.g., Dhritarashtra).

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of vac

Imperfect active 3rd singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःशासन (duḥśāsana) - O Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative active 2nd singular of ni-√budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the words that follow. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Adjective to 'vacana'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, instruction

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, instruction

From √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

भारत (bhārata) - Here, addressing Duḥśāsana, a kinsman of the Bharata dynasty. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to the Bharatas, Indian

Patronymic from Bharata