महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-33

तथा तौ दुःखितौ दृष्ट्वा दुःशासनसुयोधनौ ।
अभिगम्य व्यथाविष्टः कर्णस्तौ प्रत्यभाषत ॥३३॥

33. tathā tau duḥkhitau dṛṣṭvā duḥśāsanasuyodhanau ,
abhigamya vyathāviṣṭaḥ karṇastau pratyabhāṣata.

33. tathā tau duḥkhitau dṛṣṭvā duḥśāsanasuyodhanau
abhigamya vyathāviṣṭaḥ karṇaḥ tau prati abhāṣata

33. Seeing Duḥśāsana and Duryodhana thus distressed, Karṇa, overwhelmed with anguish, approached them and spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तौ (tau) - those two

• दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - the two distressed ones

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• दुःशासनसुयोधनौ (duḥśāsanasuyodhanau) - Duḥśāsana and Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

• व्यथाविष्टः (vyathāviṣṭaḥ) - overwhelmed with anguish, entered by distress

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• तौ (tau) - them two

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply to

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

दुःखितौ (duḥkhitau) - the two distressed ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √duḥkh (to suffer) with -ita suffix.

Root: √duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tau' (Duḥśāsana and Duryodhana).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with -tvā suffix.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

दुःशासनसुयोधनौ (duḥśāsanasuyodhanau) - Duḥśāsana and Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of duḥśāsanasuyodhana

duḥśāsanasuyodhana - Duḥśāsana and Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)

Compound type : dvandva (duḥśāsana+suyodhana)

• duḥśāsana – Duḥśāsana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suyodhana – Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)
  proper noun (masculine)

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefix 'abhi' and -ya suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: √gam (class 1)

व्यथाविष्टः (vyathāviṣṭaḥ) - overwhelmed with anguish, entered by distress

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathāviṣṭa

vyathāviṣṭa - overwhelmed with anguish/distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyathā+āviṣṭa)

• vyathā – anguish, distress, pain
  noun (feminine)
  Root: √vyath (class 1)
• āviṣṭa – entered, seized, overwhelmed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √viś (to enter) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name); ear

तौ (tau) - them two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in reply to

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a prefix with 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Prefix: a

Root: √bhāṣ (class 1)