महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-43

न चैतत्साधु यद्राजन्पाण्डवास्त्वां नृपोत्तम ।
स्वसेनया संप्रयान्तं नानुयान्ति स्म पृष्ठतः ॥४३॥

43. na caitatsādhu yadrājanpāṇḍavāstvāṁ nṛpottama ,
svasenayā saṁprayāntaṁ nānuyānti sma pṛṣṭhataḥ.

43. na ca etat sādhu yat rājan pāṇḍavāḥ tvām nṛpottama
svasenayā samprayāntam na anuyānti sma pṛṣṭhataḥ

43. And, O King, O best of kings, it is not proper that the Pāṇḍavas did not follow you from behind when you marched forth with your own army.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• साधु (sādhu) - good, proper, virtuous, excellent

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you, the best of kings (you (accusative))

• नृपोत्तम (nṛpottama) - O best of kings

• स्वसेनया (svasenayā) - with your own army (by his own army, with his own army)

• सम्प्रयान्तम् (samprayāntam) - as you marched forth (going forth, departing, marching)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

• स्म (sma) - (past tense particle)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Neuter nominative singular.

साधु (sādhu) - good, proper, virtuous, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, proper, righteous, holy, straight

From root sādh (to accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative singular form used as a conjunction.

Note: Sometimes classified as a relative pronoun, but here works as a subordinating conjunction introducing a clause.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Descendant of Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of anuyānti.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you, the best of kings (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Object of anuyānti and refers to nṛpottama.

नृपोत्तम (nṛpottama) - O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings

Superlative compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  'Protector of men' (nṛ + pā).
  Root: pā (class 2)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of ud.

स्वसेनया (svasenayā) - with your own army (by his own army, with his own army)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svasenā

svasenā - one's own army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+senā)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

सम्प्रयान्तम् (samprayāntam) - as you marched forth (going forth, departing, marching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samprayānta

samprayā - to set out, depart, march forth

Present Active Participle

Participle from sam + pra + yā (to go).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: yā (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anuyā

Present active

3rd person plural present indicative of anu + yā.

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used with sma to denote past tense.

स्म (sma) - (past tense particle)

(indeclinable)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, in the rear

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix tasi.