महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-39

सेनाजीवैश्च कौरव्य तथा विषयवासिभिः ।
अज्ञातैर्यदि वा ज्ञातैः कर्तव्यं नृपतेः प्रियम् ॥३९॥

39. senājīvaiśca kauravya tathā viṣayavāsibhiḥ ,
ajñātairyadi vā jñātaiḥ kartavyaṁ nṛpateḥ priyam.

39. senājīvaiḥ ca kauravya tathā viṣayavāsibhiḥ
ajñātaiḥ yadi vā jñātaiḥ kartavyam nṛpateḥ priyam

39. O Kauravya, by the soldiers as well as by the residents of the kingdom—whether they are known or unknown—that which is beneficial (priyam) to the king must be done.

Words meanings summery:

• सेनाजीवैः (senājīvaiḥ) - by the soldiers (by those living by the army, by soldiers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Kauravya (addressing Duryodhana) (O descendant of Kuru, O Kaurava)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

• विषयवासिभिः (viṣayavāsibhiḥ) - by the residents of the kingdom (by the residents of the country/kingdom)

• अज्ञातैः (ajñātaiḥ) - by those who are unknown (to the king) (by the unknown ones)

• यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either... or)

• ज्ञातैः (jñātaiḥ) - by those who are known (to the king) (by the known ones)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be done, is to be done (should be done, ought to be done, duty)

• नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

• प्रियम् (priyam) - that which is beneficial (to the king) (dear, pleasing, beloved, good, beneficial)

Words meanings and morphology

सेनाजीवैः (senājīvaiḥ) - by the soldiers (by those living by the army, by soldiers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of senājīvin

senājīvin - living by the army, a soldier, mercenary

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (senā+jīvin)

• senā – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)
• jīvin – living, existing, earning a livelihood
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in added to root jīv- 'to live'
  Root: jīv (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Post-positional conjunction.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O Kauravya (addressing Duryodhana) (O descendant of Kuru, O Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru dynasty, a Kaurava

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

विषयवासिभिः (viṣayavāsibhiḥ) - by the residents of the kingdom (by the residents of the country/kingdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viṣayavāsin

viṣayavāsin - dweller in a country, resident of a district/kingdom

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+vāsin)

• viṣaya – sphere, realm, district, country, kingdom
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in added to root vas- 'to dwell'
  Root: vas (class 1)

अज्ञातैः (ajñātaiḥ) - by those who are unknown (to the king) (by the unknown ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ajñāta

ajñāta - unknown, not recognized

Past Passive Participle

Compound of a- (negation) and jñāta (PPP of jñā- 'to know')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāta – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jñā- 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to implied agents.

यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'vā' for 'whether... or'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either... or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'yadi' for 'whether... or'.

ज्ञातैः (jñātaiḥ) - by those who are known (to the king) (by the known ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jñāta

jñāta - known, understood, recognized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jñā- 'to know'

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to implied agents.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - must be done, is to be done (should be done, ought to be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root kṛ- 'to do' with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a predicate, "is to be done."

नृपतेः (nṛpateḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, one who drinks
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā- 'to protect' or 'to drink'
  Root: pā (class 1)

प्रियम् (priyam) - that which is beneficial (to the king) (dear, pleasing, beloved, good, beneficial)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, beneficial, good

Note: Functions as a noun here, "the dear thing" or "the beneficial thing".