महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-238, verse-19

तस्मात्प्रायमुपासिष्ये न हि शक्ष्यामि जीवितुम् ।
चेतयानो हि को जीवेत्कृच्छ्राच्छत्रुभिरुद्धृतः ॥१९॥

19. tasmātprāyamupāsiṣye na hi śakṣyāmi jīvitum ,
cetayāno hi ko jīvetkṛcchrācchatrubhiruddhṛtaḥ.

19. tasmāt prāyam upāsiṣye na hi śakṣyāmi jīvitum
cetayānaḥ hi kaḥ jīvet kṛcchrāt śatrubhiḥ uddhṛtaḥ

19. Therefore, I will undertake fasting unto death (prāyam), for indeed I shall not be able to live. For who, being fully conscious, could possibly live after being severely disgraced by enemies and suffering great hardship?

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• प्रायम् (prāyam) - The act of fasting to death, a vow to die. (fasting unto death, suicide, penance)

• उपासिष्ये (upāsiṣye) - I will undertake (the vow of death by fasting). (I will undertake, I will practice, I will sit near)

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - Provides a reason for the previous statement. (indeed, for, because)

• शक्ष्यामि (śakṣyāmi) - I shall be able, I can

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

• चेतयानः (cetayānaḥ) - Fully aware of one's situation and insult. (being conscious, remembering, perceiving)

• हि (hi) - Introduces the rhetorical question. (indeed, for, because)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - Rhetorical question, implying 'no one'. (may he live, he should live, could he live)

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - After suffering great hardship or ignominy. (from difficulty, from distress, from pain)

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

• उद्धृतः (uddhṛtaḥ) - Here, 'insulted' or 'disgraced', possibly 'brought to ruin'. (insulted, disgraced, torn out, rescued, uplifted)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

प्रायम् (prāyam) - The act of fasting to death, a vow to die. (fasting unto death, suicide, penance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāya

prāya - fasting unto death, suicide, penance; beginning, intention

From `pra-` + root `i` (to go) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of `upāsiṣye`.

उपासिष्ये (upāsiṣye) - I will undertake (the vow of death by fasting). (I will undertake, I will practice, I will sit near)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of upa-ās

Future middle 1st singular

From `upa-` + root `ās`. `sya` suffix indicates future.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following verb.

हि (hi) - Provides a reason for the previous statement. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

शक्ष्यामि (śakṣyāmi) - I shall be able, I can

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of śak

Future active 1st singular

From root `śak`, `sya` suffix for future.

Root: śak (class 5)

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root `jīv` with `tumun` suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose or complement.

चेतयानः (cetayānaḥ) - Fully aware of one's situation and insult. (being conscious, remembering, perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cetayāna

cetayāna - being conscious, knowing, remembering, perceiving

Present Middle Participle

From causative of root `cit` (to perceive) with `śānac` suffix.

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Acts as a nominal predicate to `kaḥ`.

हि (hi) - Introduces the rhetorical question. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of `jīvet`.

जीवेत् (jīvet) - Rhetorical question, implying 'no one'. (may he live, he should live, could he live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Optative active 3rd singular

From root `jīv`.

Root: jīv (class 1)

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - After suffering great hardship or ignominy. (from difficulty, from distress, from pain)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, distress, pain, misery (as noun); difficult, painful (as adjective)

Note: It is linked to `uddhṛtaḥ` (raised from/after difficulty).

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Root: śat (class 10)

Note: Agent of the action `uddhṛtaḥ`.

उद्धृतः (uddhṛtaḥ) - Here, 'insulted' or 'disgraced', possibly 'brought to ruin'. (insulted, disgraced, torn out, rescued, uplifted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddhṛta

uddhṛta - drawn out, lifted up, rescued, removed; insulted, disgraced (context-dependent)

Past Passive Participle

From `ud-` + root `hṛ` (to carry, seize) + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of `jīvet` (i.e., 'who').