महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-23, verse-41

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एतस्मात्कारणाद्राजन्नागमं नागसाह्वयम् ।
यद्यगां परवीरघ्न न हि जीवेत्सुयोधनः ॥४१॥

41. etasmātkāraṇādrājannāgamaṁ nāgasāhvayam ,
yadyagāṁ paravīraghna na hi jīvetsuyodhanaḥ.

41. etasmāt kāraṇāt rājan na āgamam nāgasāhvayam yat
yadi agām paravīraghna na hi jīvet suyodhanaḥ

41. O King, it is for this reason that I did not go to Hastinapura (Nāgasāhvaya), for if I had gone, O slayer of hostile heroes, Suyodhana (Duryodhana) would surely not have lived.

41. מסיבה זו, הו מלך, לא באתי אל נָאגַסָאהְוַיַה (הַסְטִינָאפּוּרַה). אילו הלכתי, הו מחסל גיבורי אויב, סוּיוֹדְהַנַה לא היה נשאר בחיים.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

एतस्मात् (etasmāt) - from this

कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for this reason (from a cause, for a reason)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

न (na) - not (not, no)

आगमम् (āgamam) - I came/went (to Hastinapura) (I came, I went)

नागसाह्वयम् (nāgasāhvayam) - Hastinapura (the city called Nāgasāhvaya) (Hastinapura (the city of the elephant))

यत् (yat) - for (that, because, in which case)

यदि (yadi) - if

अगाम् (agām) - I had gone (I went, I would have gone)

परवीरघ्न (paravīraghna) - O slayer of hostile heroes (slayer of hostile heroes)

न (na) - not (not, no)

हि (hi) - surely (indeed, surely, for)

जीवेत् (jīvet) - would have lived (he would live, he should live)

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

एतस्मात् (etasmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, this here

Note: Refers to the reason mentioned or understood from context.

कारणात् (kāraṇāt) - for this reason (from a cause, for a reason)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive

Note: Forms an ablative phrase 'for this reason' with 'etasmāt'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya depending on overall context.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

आगमम् (āgamam) - I came/went (to Hastinapura) (I came, I went)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ā-gam

Root gam with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The 'na' negates this verb: 'I did not go'.

नागसाह्वयम् (nāgasāhvayam) - Hastinapura (the city called Nāgasāhvaya) (Hastinapura (the city of the elephant))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāgasāhvaya

nāgasāhvaya - name of Hastinapura ('called by the name of elephant')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nāga+sāhvaya)

nāga – snake, elephant
noun (masculine)
sāhvaya – having the name, called
adjective (masculine)
Compound of sa + āhvaya

Note: Locative sense, 'to Hastinapura'.

यत् (yat) - for (that, because, in which case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction introducing the reason.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional particle.

अगाम् (agām) - I had gone (I went, I would have gone)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a conditional clause.

परवीरघ्न (paravīraghna) - O slayer of hostile heroes (slayer of hostile heroes)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paravīraghna

paravīraghna - slayer of hostile heroes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+vīra+ghna)

para – other, hostile, enemy
adjective (masculine)
vīra – hero, brave man
noun (masculine)
ghna – slayer, killer, destroyer (suffix)
noun (masculine)
Derived from root han
Root: han (class 2)

Note: Vocative address, likely to Arjuna.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - surely (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

जीवेत् (jīvet) - would have lived (he would live, he should live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used in a conditional consequence clause.

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)