महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-23, verse-18

ततः पर्वतभारार्ता मन्दप्राणविचेष्टिताः ।
हया मम महाराज वेपमाना इवाभवन् ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ parvatabhārārtā mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitāḥ ,
hayā mama mahārāja vepamānā ivābhavan.

18. tataḥ parvatabhārārtāḥ mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitāḥ
hayāḥ mama mahārāja vepamānāḥ iva abhavan

18. Then, O great king, my horses became as if trembling, being afflicted by the weight of the mountains and having their vital activities diminished.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• पर्वतभारार्ताः (parvatabhārārtāḥ) - afflicted by the weight of the mountains, pained by the mountain's burden

• मन्दप्राणविचेष्टिताः (mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitāḥ) - with diminished vital activities, weakened in spirit, having slow movements of breath

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

• वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, shaking

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad, used adverbially

पर्वतभारार्ताः (parvatabhārārtāḥ) - afflicted by the weight of the mountains, pained by the mountain's burden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvatabhārārta

parvatabhārārta - afflicted by the burden of mountains

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+bhāra+ārta)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• bhāra – burden, weight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ṛ
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: modifies 'hayāḥ'

मन्दप्राणविचेष्टिताः (mandaprāṇaviceṣṭitāḥ) - with diminished vital activities, weakened in spirit, having slow movements of breath

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mandaprāṇaviceṣṭita

mandaprāṇaviceṣṭita - having slow movements of vital air, having weakened vital activities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+prāṇa+viceṣṭita)

• manda – slow, sluggish, dull, weak
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: mand
• prāṇa – breath, vital air, life force
  noun (masculine)
  from root √an with upasarga pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• viceṣṭita – activity, movement, exertion
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  from root √ceṣṭ with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: modifies 'hayāḥ'

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

from root √hi

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: subject of abhavan

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  stem for mahat
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, shaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vepamāna

vepamāna - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Middle Participle

from root √vep

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: modifies 'hayāḥ'

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect 3rd Plural

augment + root + thematic vowel + primary ending

Root: bhū (class 1)