महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-23, verse-15

ततो विषण्णमनसो मम राजन्सुहृज्जनाः ।
रुरुदुश्चुक्रुशुश्चैव दुःखशोकसमन्विताः ॥१५॥

15. tato viṣaṇṇamanaso mama rājansuhṛjjanāḥ ,
ruruduścukruśuścaiva duḥkhaśokasamanvitāḥ.

15. tataḥ viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ mama rājan suhṛjjanāḥ
ruruduḥ cukruśuḥ ca eva duḥkhaśokasamānvitāḥ

15. Then, O King, my friends, whose minds were dejected and who were overcome with sorrow and grief, wept and wailed.

15. ואז, הו מלך, רוחם של ידידיי נשברה, והם בכו וצעקו, מלאי צער ויגון.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• विषण्णमनसः (viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ) - dejected-minded, sorrowful-hearted

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सुहृज्जनाः (suhṛjjanāḥ) - friends, well-wishers

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they wailed, they cried out

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• दुःखशोकसमान्विताः (duḥkhaśokasamānvitāḥ) - filled with sorrow and grief, afflicted by pain and sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative of tad, used adverbially

विषण्णमनसः (viṣaṇṇamanasaḥ) - dejected-minded, sorrowful-hearted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇamanas

viṣaṇṇamanas - dejected in mind, dispirited, sorrowful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+manas)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, depressed, sad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √sad with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man

Note: refers to suhṛjjanāḥ

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

सुहृज्जनाः (suhṛjjanāḥ) - friends, well-wishers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛjjana

suhṛjjana - friend, well-wisher

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛt+jana)

• suhṛt – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of rud

Perfect 3rd Plural

reduplicated perfect

Root: rud (class 2)

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they wailed, they cried out

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kruś

Perfect 3rd Plural

reduplicated perfect

Root: kruś (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

दुःखशोकसमान्विताः (duḥkhaśokasamānvitāḥ) - filled with sorrow and grief, afflicted by pain and sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokasamānvita

duḥkhaśokasamānvita - accompanied by sorrow and grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duḥkha+śoka+samānvita)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  from root √śuc
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samānvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √i with upasargas sam-ā
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: refers to suhṛjjanāḥ

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