महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-23, verse-13

ततो वृष्णिप्रवीरा ये ममासन्सैनिकास्तदा ।
ते भयार्ता दिशः सर्वाः सहसा विप्रदुद्रुवुः ॥१३॥

13. tato vṛṣṇipravīrā ye mamāsansainikāstadā ,
te bhayārtā diśaḥ sarvāḥ sahasā vipradudruvuḥ.

13. tataḥ vṛṣṇipravīrāḥ ye mama āsan sainikāḥ tadā
te bhayārtāḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ sahasā vipradudruvuḥ

13. Then, those chief heroes of the Vṛṣṇis who were my soldiers at that time, being terrified, suddenly scattered in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• वृष्णिप्रवीराः (vṛṣṇipravīrāḥ) - chief heroes of the Vṛṣṇis, excellent Vṛṣṇi warriors

• ये (ye) - who

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers, warriors

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• ते (te) - they

• भयार्ताः (bhayārtāḥ) - distressed by fear, terrified, panic-stricken

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

• विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they scattered in all directions

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

वृष्णिप्रवीराः (vṛṣṇipravīrāḥ) - chief heroes of the Vṛṣṇis, excellent Vṛṣṇi warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇipravīra

vṛṣṇipravīra - chief hero of the Vṛṣṇis, excellent Vṛṣṇi warrior

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛṣṇi+pravīra)

• vṛṣṇi – Name of a Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – chief hero, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)

ये (ye) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'vṛṣṇipravīrāḥ'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, warrior

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ye'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'vṛṣṇipravīrāḥ'.

भयार्ताः (bhayārtāḥ) - distressed by fear, terrified, panic-stricken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - distressed by fear, terrified

Past Passive Participle used adjectivally

Compound formed from bhaya (fear) and ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛ (to go, move), often meaning 'afflicted' when compounded.
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'te'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter

Note: Object of 'vipradudruvuḥ', implying motion towards.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with 'diśaḥ'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they scattered in all directions

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dru

Reduplicated Perfect

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, with upasargas 'vi' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)