महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-60, verse-46

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा ब्रुवन्तीं करुणं रुदन्तीमवेक्षमाणामसकृत्पतींस्तान् ।
दुःशासनः परुषाण्यप्रियाणि वाक्यान्युवाचामधुराणि चैव ॥४६॥

46. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā bruvantīṁ karuṇaṁ rudantī;mavekṣamāṇāmasakṛtpatīṁstān ,
duḥśāsanaḥ paruṣāṇyapriyāṇi; vākyānyuvācāmadhurāṇi caiva.

46. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tathā bruvantīm
karuṇam rudantīm avekṣamāṇām asakṛt
patīn tān duḥśāsanaḥ paruṣāṇi apriyāṇi
vākyāni uvāca amadhurāṇi ca eva

46. Vaiśampāyana said: To her who was speaking so mournfully, weeping, and repeatedly looking at those husbands, Duḥśāsana spoke harsh, unpleasant, and bitter words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (thus, so, likewise)

• ब्रुवन्तीम् (bruvantīm) - speaking (referring to Draupadi) (speaking, telling (feminine accusative singular))

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - mournfully (piteously, mournfully, sadly)

• रुदन्तीम् (rudantīm) - weeping (referring to Draupadi) (weeping, crying (feminine accusative singular))

• अवेक्षमाणाम् (avekṣamāṇām) - looking (at her husbands) (looking, seeing, observing (feminine accusative singular))

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly (repeatedly, often, not once)

• पतीन् (patīn) - (her) husbands (husbands, lords, masters (accusative plural))

• तान् (tān) - those (husbands) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (Kaurava prince) (Duḥśāsana (proper name))

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh (harsh, rough, cruel (neuter accusative plural))

• अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful (neuter accusative plural))

• वाक्यानि (vākyāni) - words (words, speeches, statements (neuter accusative plural))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• अमधुराणि (amadhurāṇi) - bitter (un-sweet, unpleasant, bitter (neuter accusative plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the narrator) (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative

Root `vac` (2nd class), Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person, singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - so, in that manner (thus, so, likewise)

(indeclinable)

adverb

ब्रुवन्तीम् (bruvantīm) - speaking (referring to Draupadi) (speaking, telling (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of brū

brū - to speak, to say, to declare

Present Active Participle

Root `brū` (2nd class), feminine, accusative singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the female subject

करुणम् (karuṇam) - mournfully (piteously, mournfully, sadly)

(indeclinable)

Can also function as an adverb (karuṇam)

Note: Adverbial usage of the neuter accusative singular

रुदन्तीम् (rudantīm) - weeping (referring to Draupadi) (weeping, crying (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rud

rud - to weep, to cry, to lament

Present Active Participle

Root `rud` (2nd class), feminine, accusative singular

Root: rud (class 2)

अवेक्षमाणाम् (avekṣamāṇām) - looking (at her husbands) (looking, seeing, observing (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īkṣ

īkṣ - to see, to look, to observe

Present Middle Participle

Root `īkṣ` (1st class, Ātmanepada), feminine, accusative singular. Prefix `ava`

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly (repeatedly, often, not once)

(indeclinable)

adverb

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+sakṛt)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• sakṛt – once, at once
  indeclinable
  adverb

पतीन् (patīn) - (her) husbands (husbands, lords, masters (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pati

pati - husband, lord, master, owner

`i`-stem noun

तान् (tān) - those (husbands) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (Kaurava prince) (Duḥśāsana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - one who is difficult to rule/discipline; name of a Kaurava prince

Compound of `dus` (difficult) + `śāsana` (ruling, discipline)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• śāsana – ruling, governing, teaching, command
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root `śās` (to rule, teach)
  Root: śās (class 2)

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh (harsh, rough, cruel (neuter accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful (neuter accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile, not dear

Negation `a` + `priya` (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• priya – dear, pleasant, beloved
  adjective (masculine)

वाक्यानि (vākyāni) - words (words, speeches, statements (neuter accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Derived from `vac` (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative

Root `vac` (2nd class), Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person, singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अमधुराणि (amadhurāṇi) - bitter (un-sweet, unpleasant, bitter (neuter accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of amadhura

amadhura - not sweet, disagreeable, harsh, bitter

Negation `a` + `madhura` (sweet)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+madhura)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

particle for emphasis