महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-60, verse-28

प्रकीर्णकेशी पतितार्धवस्त्रा दुःशासनेन व्यवधूयमाना ।
ह्रीमत्यमर्षेण च दह्यमाना शनैरिदं वाक्यमुवाच कृष्णा ॥२८॥

28. prakīrṇakeśī patitārdhavastrā; duḥśāsanena vyavadhūyamānā ,
hrīmatyamarṣeṇa ca dahyamānā; śanairidaṁ vākyamuvāca kṛṣṇā.

28. prakīrṇakeśī patitārdhavastrā duḥśāsanena vyavadhūyamānā |
hrīmatī amarṣeṇa ca dahyamānā śanaiḥ idam vākyam uvāca kṛṣṇā

28. With her hair dishevelled, her garment half-fallen, and being tossed about by Duḥśāsana, Draupadi (kṛṣṇā), burning with shame and indignation, slowly uttered these words.

28. כששערה פרוע ומחצית בגדה נפלה, כשדוּהְשָׁאסַנַה מטלטל אותה, ביישנית ובוערת מזעם, אמרה קְרְשְׁנָה לאט את הדברים האלה.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकीर्णकेशी (prakīrṇakeśī) - having dishevelled hair

• पतितार्धवस्त्रा (patitārdhavastrā) - whose garment is half-fallen, half-clothed

• दुःशासनेन (duḥśāsanena) - by Duḥśāsana

• व्यवधूयमाना (vyavadhūyamānā) - being tossed about, being shaken

• ह्रीमती (hrīmatī) - modest, bashful, ashamed

• अमर्षेण (amarṣeṇa) - with indignation, with impatience

• च (ca) - and

• दह्यमाना (dahyamānā) - Burning with shame and indignation. (being burned, consumed (by emotion))

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

• इदम् (idam) - this, these (neuter singular)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - These words (that follow in the narrative, but not directly in the verse). (word, speech, sentence)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकीर्णकेशी (prakīrṇakeśī) - having dishevelled hair

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakīrṇakeśi

prakīrṇakeśi - having scattered/dishevelled hair

Bahuvrihi compound: pra-kīrṇa (scattered) + keśa (hair)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prakīrṇa+keśa)

• prakīrṇa – scattered, spread out, dishevelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix pra + root kīr (to scatter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 6)
• keśa – hair (of the head)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

पतितार्धवस्त्रा (patitārdhavastrā) - whose garment is half-fallen, half-clothed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patitārdhavastrā

patitārdhavastra - having half of one's garment fallen, half-clothed

Bahuvrihi compound: patita (fallen) + ardha (half) + vastra (garment)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (patita+ardha+vastra)

• patita – fallen, descended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pat (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• vastra – garment, cloth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

दुःशासनेन (duḥśāsanena) - by Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (one difficult to rule/govern), name of a Kaurava prince

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• śāsana – ruling, governing, teaching, punishment
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to rule, teach)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle vyavadhūyamānā.

व्यवधूयमाना (vyavadhūyamānā) - being tossed about, being shaken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyavadhūyamāṇa

vyavadhūyamāṇa - being tossed about, being shaken, being agitated

Present Passive Participle

Derived from prefixes vi + ava + root dhū (to shake) + ŚyA (passive marker) + śānac (present participle affix)

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

ह्रीमती (hrīmatī) - modest, bashful, ashamed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hrīmat

hrīmat - modest, bashful, ashamed, endowed with shame

Derived from hrī (shame, modesty) + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

अमर्षेण (amarṣeṇa) - with indignation, with impatience

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amarṣa

amarṣa - indignation, impatience, intolerance, anger

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दह्यमाना (dahyamānā) - Burning with shame and indignation. (being burned, consumed (by emotion))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dahyamāṇa

dahyamāṇa - being burned, being consumed, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root dah (to burn) + yak (passive marker) + śānac (present participle affix)

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

इदम् (idam) - this, these (neuter singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - These words (that follow in the narrative, but not directly in the verse). (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadi (lit. the dark-complexioned one)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

Previous Verse Next Verse