महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-60, verse-43

द्रौपद्युवाच ।
आहूय राजा कुशलैः सभायां दुष्टात्मभिर्नैकृतिकैरनार्यैः ।
द्यूतप्रियैर्नातिकृतप्रयत्नः कस्मादयं नाम निसृष्टकामः ॥४३॥

43. draupadyuvāca ,
āhūya rājā kuśalaiḥ sabhāyāṁ; duṣṭātmabhirnaikṛtikairanāryaiḥ ,
dyūtapriyairnātikṛtaprayatnaḥ; kasmādayaṁ nāma nisṛṣṭakāmaḥ.

43. draupadī uvāca āhūya rājā kuśalaiḥ
sabhāyām duṣṭātmabhiḥ naikṛtikaiḥ
anāryaiḥ dyūtapriyaiḥ na atikṛtaprayatnaḥ
kasmāt ayam nāma nisṛṣṭakāmaḥ

43. Draupadi said: "When the king (Yudhishthira) was summoned to the assembly by those skilled in dice, by evil-minded, deceitful, ignoble individuals who were fond of gambling, and he himself had not made sufficient effort, why then is this one called 'one who has surrendered all his desires (kāma)'?"

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said

• आहूय (āhūya) - having been summoned (for the king) (having summoned)

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• कुशलैः (kuśalaiḥ) - by those skilled in dice (Shakuni and associates) (by the skilled ones)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall

• दुष्टात्मभिः (duṣṭātmabhiḥ) - by the evil-minded ones

• नैकृतिकैः (naikṛtikaiḥ) - by the deceitful ones, by the betrayers

• अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - by the ignoble ones, by the uncultured

• द्यूतप्रियैः (dyūtapriyaiḥ) - by those fond of dice/gambling

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिकृतप्रयत्नः (atikṛtaprayatnaḥ) - one by whom not much effort was made (due to preceding 'na') (one by whom much effort was made)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, it is said

• निसृष्टकामः (nisṛṣṭakāmaḥ) - one designated as having surrendered all his desires (one whose desires (or desired possessions) are given up/surrendered)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (proper name, wife of the Pandavas)

Feminine patronymic from Drupada

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - she said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

आहूय (āhūya) - having been summoned (for the king) (having summoned)

(verb)

absolutive (ktvā) of āhū

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive of √hvā (to call) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Acts as a participial modifier to the main clause, setting the scene.

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied action (being summoned).

कुशलैः (kuśalaiḥ) - by those skilled in dice (Shakuni and associates) (by the skilled ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuśala

kuśala - skilled, clever, proficient, well-being

Root: kuś (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun here, "by the skilled ones".

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, hall, gathering

Root: bhā (class 1)

Note: Location.

दुष्टात्मभिः (duṣṭātmabhiḥ) - by the evil-minded ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious

Compound type : karmadharaya (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, wicked, bad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √duṣ (to be corrupted)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies the agents of summoning.

नैकृतिकैः (naikṛtikaiḥ) - by the deceitful ones, by the betrayers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of naikṛtika

naikṛtika - deceitful, treacherous, fraudulent

Derived from 'nikṛti' (deceit)

Note: Modifies the agents of summoning.

अनार्यैः (anāryaiḥ) - by the ignoble ones, by the uncultured

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anārya

anārya - ignoble, uncultured, unworthy

Formed with negative prefix 'an-' and 'ārya' (noble)

Compound type : karmadharaya (an+ārya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ārya – noble, respectable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies the agents of summoning.

द्यूतप्रियैः (dyūtapriyaiḥ) - by those fond of dice/gambling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dyūtapriya

dyūtapriya - fond of gambling, addicted to dice

Compound type : tatpurusha (dyūta+priya)

• dyūta – gambling, dice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dyut (class 1)
• priya – dear, beloved, fond of
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Modifies the agents of summoning.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for the following compound.

अतिकृतप्रयत्नः (atikṛtaprayatnaḥ) - one by whom not much effort was made (due to preceding 'na') (one by whom much effort was made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atikṛtaprayatna

atikṛtaprayatna - one by whom much effort has been made

Compound: 'ati' (excessive/much) + 'kṛta' (done/made, PPP) + 'prayatna' (effort). The negative particle 'na' preceding it makes it 'one by whom not much effort was made'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ati+kṛta+prayatna)

• ati – excessive, over, beyond
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• prayatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √yat (to strive) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

ablative singular masculine/neuter of 'kim', used adverbially to mean 'why'

Note: Interrogative adverb.

अयम् (ayam) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

nominative singular masculine of 'idam'

Note: Subject of the question.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, it is said

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially to mean 'by name', 'indeed', 'it is said'

Note: Emphatic or indicating designation.

निसृष्टकामः (nisṛṣṭakāmaḥ) - one designated as having surrendered all his desires (one whose desires (or desired possessions) are given up/surrendered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nisṛṣṭakāma

nisṛṣṭakāma - one whose desires are abandoned, one who has given up his wishes/possessions

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nisṛṣṭa+kāma)

• nisṛṣṭa – abandoned, given up, released
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √sṛj with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• kāma – desire, wish, object of desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)