महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-41

पतंगा इव चाग्नौ ते न्यपतन्कुकुरान्धकाः ।
नासीत्पलायने बुद्धिर्वध्यमानस्य कस्यचित् ॥४१॥

41. pataṁgā iva cāgnau te nyapatankukurāndhakāḥ ,
nāsītpalāyane buddhirvadhyamānasya kasyacit.

41. pataṅgāḥ iva ca agnau te nyapatan kukarāndhakāḥ
na āsīt palāyane buddhiḥ vadhyamānasya kasyacit

41. ca te kukarāndhakāḥ pataṅgāḥ iva agnau nyapatan
kasyacit vadhyamānasya palāyane buddhiḥ na āsīt

41. And like moths into a fire, those Kukura and Andhaka clansmen fell. No one among those being slain had any thought of escape.

Words meanings summery:

• पतङ्गाः (pataṅgāḥ) - moths (drawn to a flame) (moths, winged insects, birds)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अग्नौ (agnau) - into a fire (implied motion towards) (in fire, on fire)

• ते (te) - they (the Kukurāndhakas) (they)

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell (into the self-destructive battle) (they fell down)

• कुकरान्धकाः (kukarāndhakāḥ) - the Yadava clans of Kukura and Andhaka (the Kukuras and Andhakas (clans))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (it was, there was)

• पलायने (palāyane) - in (the act of) escape (in fleeing, in escape)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - thought, intention (intellect, mind, thought, intention)

• वध्यमानस्य (vadhyamānasya) - of anyone being slain (of one being killed, of one being struck down)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone (of anyone, of someone)

Words meanings and morphology

पतङ्गाः (pataṅgāḥ) - moths (drawn to a flame) (moths, winged insects, birds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pataṅga

pataṅga - moth, grasshopper, bird, sun

From √pat 'to fly, fall' and aṅga 'body/limb'.

Root: pat

Note: Subject of comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अग्नौ (agnau) - into a fire (implied motion towards) (in fire, on fire)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

Root: ag

Note: Locative implying "into" due to context of falling.

ते (te) - they (the Kukurāndhakas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kukarāndhakāḥ'.

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell (into the self-destructive battle) (they fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of nipat

Imperfect Tense

Root √pat (class 1) with prefix ni-. Imperfect past.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

कुकरान्धकाः (kukarāndhakāḥ) - the Yadava clans of Kukura and Andhaka (the Kukuras and Andhakas (clans))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kukarāndhaka

kukarāndhaka - the Kukura and Andhaka tribes/clans

Dvandva compound of 'kukura' and 'andhaka'.

Compound type : dvandva (kukura+andhaka)

• kukura – name of a Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• andhaka – name of a Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'nyapatan'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'āsīt'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (it was, there was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Tense

Root √as (class 2). Imperfect past.

Root: as (class 2)

पलायने (palāyane) - in (the act of) escape (in fleeing, in escape)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of palāyana

palāyana - fleeing, escape, retreat

From prefix 'palā' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: palā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Locative of purpose or context "in fleeing".

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - thought, intention (intellect, mind, thought, intention)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, perception, understanding, thought, intention

From root √budh 'to awaken, perceive'.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

वध्यमानस्य (vadhyamānasya) - of anyone being slain (of one being killed, of one being struck down)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain, being struck

Present Passive Participle

From root √vadh (used for √han) 'to strike, kill'. Passive form.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kasyacit'.

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone (of anyone, of someone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, some

Formed from interrogative pronoun 'kim' + particle 'cid'.

Note: Possessive for 'buddhiḥ'.