महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-30

तान्दृष्ट्वा पततस्तूर्णमभिक्रुद्धाञ्जनार्दनः ।
न चुक्रोध महातेजा जानन्कालस्य पर्ययम् ॥३०॥

30. tāndṛṣṭvā patatastūrṇamabhikruddhāñjanārdanaḥ ,
na cukrodha mahātejā jānankālasya paryayam.

30. tān dṛṣṭvā patataḥ tūrṇam abhikruddhān janārdanaḥ
na cukrodha mahātejāḥ jānan kālasya paryayam

30. janārdanaḥ mahātejāḥ kālasya paryayam jānan tān
tūrṇam abhikruddhān patataḥ dṛṣṭvā na cukrodha

30. Seeing them falling swiftly and greatly enraged, the greatly effulgent Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa) did not become angry, knowing the turning point of time.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (Bhojas and Andhakas from the previous verse) (them)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (them) (having seen)

• पततः (patataḥ) - (them) falling (in battle), perishing (falling, flying down)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

• अभिक्रुद्धान् (abhikruddhān) - greatly enraged (the warriors) (greatly enraged, furious)

• जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa, meaning 'agitator of men' or 'punisher of evil men') (Janārdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

• न (na) - not

• चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - he became angry (he became angry, he was enraged)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly effulgent (Janārdana) (greatly effulgent, highly glorious, very powerful)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing (the turn of time) (knowing, understanding)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (of time, of fate)

• पर्ययम् (paryayam) - the turn (of events), the end (of a cycle), turning point (turn, change, course, end, period)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (Bhojas and Andhakas from the previous verse) (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of the absolutive 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (them) (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -ktvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पततः (patataḥ) - (them) falling (in battle), perishing (falling, flying down)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying, descending, perishing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall, fly) with present participle suffix -at

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

Derived from root tvar (to hasten) with kta suffix, used adverbially in neuter accusative singular.

Root: tvar (class 1)

अभिक्रुद्धान् (abhikruddhān) - greatly enraged (the warriors) (greatly enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of abhikruddha

abhikruddha - greatly enraged, furious, highly incensed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

जनार्दनः (janārdanaḥ) - Janārdana (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa, meaning 'agitator of men' or 'punisher of evil men') (Janārdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janārdana (an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa, meaning 'agitator of men' or 'punisher of evil men')

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+ardana)

• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)
• ardana – hurting, afflicting, tormenting, agitating
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root ard (to pain, hurt, agitate)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'cukrodha'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'cukrodha'.

चुक्रोध (cukrodha) - he became angry (he became angry, he was enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of krudh

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice, from root krudh (class 4)

Root: krudh (class 4)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - the greatly effulgent (Janārdana) (greatly effulgent, highly glorious, very powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly effulgent, highly glorious, very powerful, of great energy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, glory, energy, power, brilliance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'janārdanaḥ'.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing (the turn of time) (knowing, understanding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, aware, understanding, perceiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jñā (to know) with present participle suffix -at

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'janārdanaḥ'.

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (of time, of fate)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, destiny, fate, period

Note: Possessive, modifies 'paryayam'.

पर्ययम् (paryayam) - the turn (of events), the end (of a cycle), turning point (turn, change, course, end, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryaya

paryaya - turn, succession, course, change, period, end, turn of fate

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of the participle 'jānan'.