महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-40

अवधीत्पितरं पुत्रः पिता पुत्रं च भारत ।
मत्ताः परिपतन्ति स्म पोथयन्तः परस्परम् ॥४०॥

40. avadhītpitaraṁ putraḥ pitā putraṁ ca bhārata ,
mattāḥ paripatanti sma pothayantaḥ parasparam.

40. avadhīt pitaram putraḥ pitā putram ca bhārata
mattāḥ paripatanti sma pothayantaḥ parasparam

40. bhārata putraḥ pitaraṃ avadhīt ca pitā putram
avadhīt mattāḥ parasparam pothayantaḥ paripatanti sma

40. O Bhārata, a son killed his father, and a father killed his son. Intoxicated, they roamed about, violently striking one another.

Words meanings summery:

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, struck down (violently) (he killed, he struck down)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - one's own father (father (accusative))

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)

• पिता (pitā) - a father (father)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - one's own son (son (accusative))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra, descendant of Bharata (O Bhārata, descendant of Bharata)

• मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - maddened by the liquor (intoxicated, frenzied, deluded)

• परिपतन्ति (paripatanti) - they (the intoxicated Yadavas) roamed about (they fall around, they wander about, they rush upon)

• स्म (sma) - used to indicate that the roaming/falling was a repeated action in the past (particle indicating past habitual action when used with present tense, indeed, truly)

• पोथयन्तः (pothayantaḥ) - violently striking each other (striking, beating, crushing)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - striking one another (each other, mutually)

Words meanings and morphology

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, struck down (violently) (he killed, he struck down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of avadh

Aorist (injunctive)

Root √han (class 2) with prefix ava-. Sigmatic aorist.

Prefix: ava

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The root 'han' has several aorist forms, this is a common one.

पितरम् (pitaram) - one's own father (father (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of 'avadhīt'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of 'avadhīt'.

पिता (pitā) - a father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of implied 'avadhīt'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - one's own son (son (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of implied 'avadhīt'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra, descendant of Bharata (O Bhārata, descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

Derived from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ

मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - maddened by the liquor (intoxicated, frenzied, deluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, maddened, frenzied, proud

Past Passive Participle

From root √mad 'to be intoxicated, delighted'.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subjects (the Yadavas).

परिपतन्ति (paripatanti) - they (the intoxicated Yadavas) roamed about (they fall around, they wander about, they rush upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of paripat

Present Tense

Root √pat (class 1) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: pat (class 1)

स्म (sma) - used to indicate that the roaming/falling was a repeated action in the past (particle indicating past habitual action when used with present tense, indeed, truly)

(indeclinable)

पोथयन्तः (pothayantaḥ) - violently striking each other (striking, beating, crushing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pothayat

pothayat - striking, beating, crushing

Present Active Participle

Causative stem from root √puth (to crush, strike), then -ant suffix.

Root: puth (class 1)

Note: Describes the 'mattāḥ' (intoxicated ones).

परस्परम् (parasparam) - striking one another (each other, mutually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially, or as an accusative object for 'pothayantaḥ'.