महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-39

आविध्याविध्य ते राजन्प्रक्षिपन्ति स्म यत्तृणम् ।
तद्वज्रभूतं मुसलं व्यदृश्यत तदा दृढम् ॥३९॥

39. āvidhyāvidhya te rājanprakṣipanti sma yattṛṇam ,
tadvajrabhūtaṁ musalaṁ vyadṛśyata tadā dṛḍham.

39. āvidhyāvidhya te rājan prakṣipanti sma yat tṛṇam
tat vajrabhūtam musalam vyadṛśyata tadā dṛḍham

39. rājan te āvidhyāvidhya yat tṛṇam prakṣipanti sma
tat musalam vajrabhūtam dṛḍham tadā vyadṛśyata

39. O king, as they repeatedly struck each other, they threw what appeared to be merely a blade of grass. However, at that very moment, it was seen as a strong mace, transformed into a thunderbolt.

Words meanings summery:

• आविध्याविध्य (āvidhyāvidhya) - having repeatedly struck each other (having struck repeatedly, having pierced repeatedly)

• ते (te) - they (referring to the Yadavas) (they, by them, to them)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (the traditional recipient of such narratives) (O king)

• प्रक्षिपन्ति (prakṣipanti) - they (the Yadavas) would throw (repeated action indicated by 'sma') (they throw, they cast)

• स्म (sma) - used to indicate that the throwing was a repeated action in the past (particle indicating past habitual action when used with present tense, indeed, truly)

• यत् (yat) - what (was) (which, what)

• तृणम् (tṛṇam) - a mere blade of grass (grass, blade of grass)

• तत् (tat) - that (blade of grass) (that, it)

• वज्रभूतम् (vajrabhūtam) - transformed into a divine thunderbolt-like weapon (having become a thunderbolt, transformed into a thunderbolt)

• मुसलम् (musalam) - a mace, specifically the divine mace for the Yadavas' destruction (mace, club, pestle)

• व्यदृश्यत (vyadṛśyata) - it (the mace) appeared (it was seen, it appeared)

• तदा (tadā) - at that specific moment of transformation (then, at that time)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strong (mace) (firm, strong, solid)

Words meanings and morphology

आविध्याविध्य (āvidhyāvidhya) - having repeatedly struck each other (having struck repeatedly, having pierced repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed by adding -ya to the root √vidh with prefix ā-, then reduplicated to indicate repetition or intensity.

Prefix: ā

Root: vidh (class 6)

Note: Reduplicated for emphasis/repetition.

ते (te) - they (referring to the Yadavas) (they, by them, to them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Also dative/genitive singular or plural. Here nominative plural for 'they'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (the traditional recipient of such narratives) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

प्रक्षिपन्ति (prakṣipanti) - they (the Yadavas) would throw (repeated action indicated by 'sma') (they throw, they cast)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prakṣip

Present Tense

Root √kṣip (class 6), with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past habitual action.

स्म (sma) - used to indicate that the throwing was a repeated action in the past (particle indicating past habitual action when used with present tense, indeed, truly)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what (was) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Connects to 'tṛṇam'.

तृणम् (tṛṇam) - a mere blade of grass (grass, blade of grass)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, straw, blade of grass

Root: tṛṇ

Note: Here it is nominative (what *was* grass), functioning as the direct object of 'prakṣipanti' but also the subject of the transformation.

तत् (tat) - that (blade of grass) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'tṛṇam'.

वज्रभूतम् (vajrabhūtam) - transformed into a divine thunderbolt-like weapon (having become a thunderbolt, transformed into a thunderbolt)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vajrabhūta

vajrabhūta - having become a thunderbolt, turned into a thunderbolt

Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: vajra + bhūta (past passive participle of √bhū 'to become').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+bhūta)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, been, past, being
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √bhū 'to become, be'.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'musalam'.

मुसलम् (musalam) - a mace, specifically the divine mace for the Yadavas' destruction (mace, club, pestle)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of musala

musala - mace, club, pestle

Note: Subject of 'vyadṛśyata'.

व्यदृश्यत (vyadṛśyata) - it (the mace) appeared (it was seen, it appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of vyadṛś

Imperfect Tense

Root √dṛś (class 1, passive), with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The passive form 'dṛśyate' is often used for 'appears'.

तदा (tadā) - at that specific moment of transformation (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad'.

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strong (mace) (firm, strong, solid)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, solid, fixed, steady

Past Passive Participle

From root √dṛh.

Root: dṛh

Note: Adjective modifying 'musalam'.