महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-4

युक्तं रथं दिव्यमादित्यवर्णं हयाहरन्पश्यतो दारुकस्य ।
ते सागरस्योपरिष्टादवर्तन्मनोजवाश्चतुरो वाजिमुख्याः ॥४॥

4. yuktaṁ rathaṁ divyamādityavarṇaṁ; hayāharanpaśyato dārukasya ,
te sāgarasyopariṣṭādavarta;nmanojavāścaturo vājimukhyāḥ.

4. yuktam ratham divyam ādityavarṇam
hayāḥ aharan paśyataḥ dārukasya
te sāgarasya upariṣṭāt avartan
manojavāḥ caturaḥ vājimukhyāḥ

4. As Dāruka watched, the four chief horses, swift as thought, carried away the yoked, divine, sun-colored chariot. They then moved above the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - the chariot that was yoked (yoked, joined, connected)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - the divine chariot (divine, celestial, heavenly)

• आदित्यवर्णम् (ādityavarṇam) - the chariot, radiant like the sun (sun-colored, having the color of the sun)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• अहरन् (aharan) - they carried away, took away

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Dāruka was watching (of one seeing, while seeing)

• दारुकस्य (dārukasya) - of Dāruka (Kṛṣṇa's charioteer)

• ते (te) - the horses (they)

• सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

• उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead, on top

• अवर्तन् (avartan) - they (the horses and chariot) were positioned (they moved, they existed, they were)

• मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - the horses that were swift as thought (swift as thought, mind-swift)

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• वाजिमुख्याः (vājimukhyāḥ) - the principal horses (of the chariot) (chief horses, excellent horses)

Words meanings and morphology

युक्तम् (yuktam) - the chariot that was yoked (yoked, joined, connected)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, connected, proper

Past Passive Participle

Root yuj (to yoke, join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, carriage

Note: Object of 'aharan'.

दिव्यम् (divyam) - the divine chariot (divine, celestial, heavenly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, beautiful

From div (heaven, sky)

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'.

आदित्यवर्णम् (ādityavarṇam) - the chariot, radiant like the sun (sun-colored, having the color of the sun)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ādityavarṇa

ādityavarṇa - sun-colored

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āditya+varṇa)

• āditya – the sun, a son of Aditi
  noun (masculine)
• varṇa – color, hue, class
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Subject of 'aharan'.

अहरन् (aharan) - they carried away, took away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect

Root hṛ (to carry, seize), 3rd person plural, past tense.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Dāruka was watching (of one seeing, while seeing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

Root dṛś/paś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'dārukasya', indicating a simultaneous action.

दारुकस्य (dārukasya) - of Dāruka (Kṛṣṇa's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dāruka

dāruka - Dāruka (name of Kṛṣṇa's charioteer), wood

ते (te) - the horses (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'hayāḥ'.

सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Governed by 'upariṣṭāt'.

उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - above, overhead, on top

(indeclinable)

Note: Takes a genitive.

अवर्तन् (avartan) - they (the horses and chariot) were positioned (they moved, they existed, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect

Root vṛt (to turn, be, exist), 3rd person plural, past tense.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मनोजवाः (manojavāḥ) - the horses that were swift as thought (swift as thought, mind-swift)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manojavā

manojavā - swift as thought, mind-swift

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• java – speed, swiftness, impetus
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ' and 'vājimukhyāḥ'.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'vājimukhyāḥ'.

वाजिमुख्याः (vājimukhyāḥ) - the principal horses (of the chariot) (chief horses, excellent horses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājimukhya

vājimukhya - chief horse, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vājin+mukhya)

• vājin – horse, swift
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'avartan'.