महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-20

भूरिश्रवाश्छिन्नबाहुर्युद्धे प्रायगतस्त्वया ।
वधेन सुनृशंसेन कथं वीरेण पातितः ॥२०॥

20. bhūriśravāśchinnabāhuryuddhe prāyagatastvayā ,
vadhena sunṛśaṁsena kathaṁ vīreṇa pātitaḥ.

20. bhūriśravāḥ chinnabāhuḥ yuddhe prāyagataḥ
tvayā vadhena sunṛśaṃsena katham vīreṇa pātitaḥ

20. How was Bhūriśravas, with his arm severed and undertaking a fast unto death in battle, struck down so cruelly by you, a hero?

Words meanings summery:

• भूरिश्रवाः (bhūriśravāḥ) - Bhūriśravas (name of a warrior in the Mahābhārata)

• छिन्नबाहुः (chinnabāhuḥ) - with a severed arm, whose arm was cut

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• प्रायगतः (prāyagataḥ) - having resorted to fasting unto death, being on the verge of death

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaying

• सुनृशंसेन (sunṛśaṁsena) - by the very cruel, by the exceedingly ruthless

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• वीरेण (vīreṇa) - by a hero, by a brave one

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

भूरिश्रवाः (bhūriśravāḥ) - Bhūriśravas (name of a warrior in the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūriśravas

bhūriśravas - Bhūriśravas (proper name); possessing much fame

छिन्नबाहुः (chinnabāhuḥ) - with a severed arm, whose arm was cut

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnabāhu

chinnabāhu - whose arm is cut off, having a severed arm

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+bāhu)

• chinna – cut, severed, torn
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रायगतः (prāyagataḥ) - having resorted to fasting unto death, being on the verge of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāyagata

prāyagata - gone to fast unto death, resorted to self-starvation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+gata)

• prāya – fasting unto death, self-starvation
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, resorted to, arrived at
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वधेन (vadhena) - by killing, by slaying

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, striking

From root vadh (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

सुनृशंसेन (sunṛśaṁsena) - by the very cruel, by the exceedingly ruthless

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sunṛśaṃsa

sunṛśaṁsa - very cruel, exceedingly ruthless

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+nṛśaṃsa)

• su – good, well, excellent (used as an intensifier: very, exceedingly)
  indeclinable
• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, ruthless, malignant
  adjective (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

वीरेण (vīreṇa) - by a hero, by a brave one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, caused to fall

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, slain, killed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Past passive participle of the causative verb pāṭayati (to cause to fall/kill) from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)