महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-4, verse-12

ततः कालपरीतास्ते वृष्ण्यन्धकमहारथाः ।
अपश्यन्नुद्धवं यान्तं तेजसावृत्य रोदसी ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ kālaparītāste vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ ,
apaśyannuddhavaṁ yāntaṁ tejasāvṛtya rodasī.

12. tataḥ kālaparītāḥ te vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ
apaśyan uddhavam yāntam tejasā āvṛtya rodasī

12. tataḥ kālaparītāḥ te vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ
tejasā rodasī āvṛtya yāntam uddhavam apaśyan

12. Then, those great charioteers of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas, overcome by destiny, saw Uddhava departing, enveloping heaven and earth with his radiance.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• कालपरीताः (kālaparītāḥ) - overcome by destiny (overcome by time, enveloped by destiny)

• ते (te) - those (Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas) (they)

• वृष्ण्यन्धकमहारथाः (vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ) - great charioteers of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

• उद्धवम् (uddhavam) - Uddhava

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - departing (going, moving, departing)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - with his radiance (with splendor, with radiance, by power)

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - enveloping (having enveloped, having covered, having surrounded)

• रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (heaven and earth (dual))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

कालपरीताः (kālaparītāḥ) - overcome by destiny (overcome by time, enveloped by destiny)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kālaparīta

kālaparīta - overcome by time/fate

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+parīta)

• kāla – time, destiny
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – enveloped, overcome, surrounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari-√i
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ`.

ते (te) - those (Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `apaśyan`.

वृष्ण्यन्धकमहारथाः (vṛṣṇyandhakamahārathāḥ) - great charioteers of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇyandhakamahāratha

vṛṣṇyandhakamahāratha - great charioteers of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

Compound type : dvandva + karmadhāraya (vṛṣṇi+andhaka+mahāratha)

• vṛṣṇi – a member of the Vṛṣṇi clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• andhaka – a member of the Andhaka clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• mahāratha – great charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `apaśyan`.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Imperfect

From √dṛś (class 1)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उद्धवम् (uddhavam) - Uddhava

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uddhava

uddhava - Uddhava (name)

Note: Object of `apaśyan`.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - departing (going, moving, departing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From √yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `uddhavam`.

तेजसा (tejasā) - with his radiance (with splendor, with radiance, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, radiance, power, energy

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - enveloping (having enveloped, having covered, having surrounded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From ā-√vṛ with -ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (heaven and earth (dual))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of rodasi

rodasi - heaven and earth (dual form of rodas, usually used in dual)

Usually found in dual

Note: Object of `āvṛtya`.