महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-29

योऽग्रं भक्तान्किंचिदप्राश्य दद्याद्गोभ्यो नित्यं गोव्रती सत्यवादी ।
शान्तो बुद्धो गोसहस्रस्य पुण्यं संवत्सरेणाप्नुयात्पुण्यशीलः ॥२९॥

29. yo'graṁ bhaktānkiṁcidaprāśya dadyā;dgobhyo nityaṁ govratī satyavādī ,
śānto buddho gosahasrasya puṇyaṁ; saṁvatsareṇāpnuyātpuṇyaśīlaḥ.

29. yaḥ agram bhaktān kiñcit aprāśya
dadyāt gobhyaḥ nityam govrati satyavādī
śāntaḥ buddhaḥ gosahasrasya
puṇyam saṃvatsareṇa āpnuyāt puṇyaśīlaḥ

29. yaḥ śāntaḥ buddhaḥ puṇyaśīlaḥ agram kiñcit aprāśya bhaktān dadyāt,
nityam gobhyaḥ (dadyāt),
govrati satyavādī (ca),
saḥ gosahasrasya puṇyam saṃvatsareṇa āpnuyāt.

29. He who, being peaceful, wise, and of virtuous character (puṇyaśīla), without first tasting anything for himself, gives to devotees and always gives to cows, observing cow-vows (govratī) and speaking truth, would obtain the merit of a thousand cows in a year.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

• अग्रम् (agram) - first (adverbial) (first, foremost, chief part, tip)

• भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devotees (devotees, followers)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything (anything, something, a little)

• अप्राश्य (aprāśya) - without tasting (without eating, without tasting)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - gives (should give) (should give, may give)

• गोभ्यः (gobhyaḥ) - to cows (to cows, for cows)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• गोव्रती (govratī) - one who observes cow-vows (govratī) (one who observes vows relating to cows, devoted to cows)

• सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - speaking truth (truth-speaker, truthful)

• शान्तः (śāntaḥ) - peaceful (peaceful, calm, tranquil, quieted)

• बुद्धः (buddhaḥ) - wise (awakened, enlightened, wise, intelligent)

• गोसहस्रस्य (gosahasrasya) - of a thousand cows

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit (merit, virtue, good deed, sacred)

• संवत्सरेण (saṁvatsareṇa) - in a year (in a year, by a year)

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would obtain (would obtain, should obtain, may attain)

• पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - of virtuous character (puṇyaśīla) (of virtuous character, having a virtuous nature)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun introducing the subject of the verse.

अग्रम् (agram) - first (adverbial) (first, foremost, chief part, tip)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'first' or 'before'.

भक्तान् (bhaktān) - devotees (devotees, followers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhakta

bhakta - devoted, loyal; a devotee, follower

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhaj' (to divide, partake, worship).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dadyāt'.

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything (anything, something, a little)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'aprāśya' to mean 'without tasting anything'.

अप्राश्य (aprāśya) - without tasting (without eating, without tasting)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix 'a-'

From root 'aś' with prefix 'pra', negated by 'a-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - gives (should give) (should give, may give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies a prescriptive or habitual action.

गोभ्यः (gobhyaḥ) - to cows (to cows, for cows)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Recipient of 'dadyāt'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

गोव्रती (govratī) - one who observes cow-vows (govratī) (one who observes vows relating to cows, devoted to cows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govratin

govratin - one who observes vows relating to cows, devoted to cows

Derived from 'govrata' (vow relating to cows) with suffix '-in'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+vrata)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - speaking truth (truth-speaker, truthful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - truth-speaker, truthful, veracious

Derived from 'satya' (truth) and 'vādin' (speaking).

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaking, saying, a speaker
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root 'vad' (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

शान्तः (śāntaḥ) - peaceful (peaceful, calm, tranquil, quieted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - peaceful, calm, tranquil, quieted, ceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śam' (to be calm, cease).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

बुद्धः (buddhaḥ) - wise (awakened, enlightened, wise, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddha

buddha - awakened, enlightened, known, perceived; a wise person, a Buddha

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'budh' (to awaken, know, understand).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

गोसहस्रस्य (gosahasrasya) - of a thousand cows

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gosahasra

gosahasra - a thousand cows

Compound type : dvigu (go+sahasra)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'puṇyam'.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit (merit, virtue, good deed, sacred)

(noun)

neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good deed, auspicious, sacred

Note: Object of 'āpnuyāt'.

संवत्सरेण (saṁvatsareṇa) - in a year (in a year, by a year)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Indicates duration or time within which an action occurs.

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would obtain (would obtain, should obtain, may attain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of āp

From root 'āp'.

Root: āp (class 5)

पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - of virtuous character (puṇyaśīla) (of virtuous character, having a virtuous nature)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśīla

puṇyaśīla - of virtuous character, having a virtuous nature, pious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (puṇya+śīla)

• puṇya – virtue, merit, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – character, conduct, nature, habit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.