महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-32

ब्राह्मणस्य फलं हीदं क्षत्रियेऽभिहितं शृणु ।
पञ्चवार्षिकमेतत्तु क्षत्रियस्य फलं स्मृतम् ।
ततोऽर्धेन तु वैश्यस्य शूद्रो वैश्यार्धतः स्मृतः ॥३२॥

32. brāhmaṇasya phalaṁ hīdaṁ kṣatriye'bhihitaṁ śṛṇu ,
pañcavārṣikametattu kṣatriyasya phalaṁ smṛtam ,
tato'rdhena tu vaiśyasya śūdro vaiśyārdhataḥ smṛtaḥ.

32. brāhmaṇasya phalam hi idam kṣatriye
abhihitam śṛṇu pañcavārṣikam etat tu
kṣatriyasya phalam smṛtam tataḥ ardhena tu
vaiśyasya śūdraḥ vaiśyārdhataḥ smṛtaḥ

32. hi idam brāhmaṇasya phalam.
śṛṇu kṣatriye abhihitam.
etat kṣatriyasya phalam tu pañcavārṣikam smṛtam.
tataḥ ardhena tu vaiśyasya.
śūdraḥ vaiśyārdhataḥ smṛtaḥ.

32. Indeed, this is the reward for a brahmin. Now listen to what is declared for a kṣatriya: this reward is remembered as lasting for five years for a kṣatriya. Then, for a vaiśya, it is half of that. And for a śūdra, it is remembered as half of the vaiśya's share.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - for a brahmin (of a brahmin)

• फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this here)

• क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a kṣatriya (in a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya)

• अभिहितम् (abhihitam) - declared (declared, said, addressed)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen! hear!)

• पञ्चवार्षिकम् (pañcavārṣikam) - lasting for five years (lasting five years, five-yearly)

• एतत् (etat) - this (reward) (this)

• तु (tu) - indeed, now (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - for a kṣatriya (of a kṣatriya)

• फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered (remembered, taught, declared)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (from that, thence, afterwards, then)

• अर्धेन (ardhena) - by half, half of that (by half, with half)

• तु (tu) - then, and (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a vaiśya (of a vaiśya)

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra

• वैश्यार्धतः (vaiśyārdhataḥ) - half of the vaiśya's share (half of the vaiśya's (share), from half of the vaiśya's)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered (remembered, taught, declared)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - for a brahmin (of a brahmin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class; relating to brahman (brahman)

Derived from `brahman`.

Note: Denotes the recipient of the fruit.

फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - for a kṣatriya (in a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a kṣatriya, member of the warrior/ruling class

अभिहितम् (abhihitam) - declared (declared, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhi-hita

abhi-hita - said, addressed, declared

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `abhi-` + root `√dhā` (to place, put; `hita` is ppp of `√dhā`), or sometimes from `abhi` + `√vac`. In this context, 'declared'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen! hear!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √śru

Imperative Mood, Parasmaipada

Second person singular imperative active, from root √śru (class 5, `śṛṇoti`).

Root: śru (class 5)

पञ्चवार्षिकम् (pañcavārṣikam) - lasting for five years (lasting five years, five-yearly)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcavārṣika

pañcavārṣika - five-yearly, lasting five years

Compound from `pañcan` (five) and `varṣa` (year) + `ika` suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañcan+varṣa+ika)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• ika – pertaining to, relating to
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix

एतत् (etat) - this (reward) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (proximate demonstrative)

Demonstrative pronoun.

तु (tu) - indeed, now (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - for a kṣatriya (of a kṣatriya)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a kṣatriya, member of the warrior/ruling class

Note: Denotes the recipient of the fruit.

फलम् (phalam) - reward (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Subject of `smṛtam`.

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered (remembered, taught, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, taught, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root √smṛ (to remember) + kta suffix.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here impersonally, 'it is remembered'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (from that, thence, afterwards, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tad`.

अर्धेन (ardhena) - by half, half of that (by half, with half)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

Note: Implies 'by half of that (brahmin's reward)'.

तु (tu) - then, and (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - for a vaiśya (of a vaiśya)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a vaiśya, member of the merchant/farmer class

Note: Denotes the recipient of the fruit.

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a śūdra, member of the laboring class

Note: Subject.

वैश्यार्धतः (vaiśyārdhataḥ) - half of the vaiśya's share (half of the vaiśya's (share), from half of the vaiśya's)

(indeclinable)

Compound formed from `vaiśya` + `ardha` + `tas` suffix. `tas` indicates 'from' or 'in the proportion of'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaiśya+ardha)

• vaiśya – a vaiśya
  noun (masculine)
• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• tas – from, by way of
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating origin or manner

Note: Indicates the proportion for the śūdra.

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered (remembered, taught, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, taught, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root √smṛ (to remember) + kta suffix.

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here impersonally, 'is remembered / declared'.