महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-39

अन्तर्जाताः सुक्रयज्ञानलब्धाः प्राणक्रीता निर्जिताश्चौकजाश्च ।
कृच्छ्रोत्सृष्टाः पोषणाभ्यागताश्च द्वारैरेतैर्गोविशेषाः प्रशस्ताः ॥३९॥

39. antarjātāḥ sukrayajñānalabdhāḥ; prāṇakrītā nirjitāścaukajāśca ,
kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāśca; dvārairetairgoviśeṣāḥ praśastāḥ.

39. antarjātāḥ sukrayajñānalabdhāḥ
prāṇakrītāḥ nirjitāḥ ca aukajāḥ ca
kṛcchra utsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇa abhyāgatāḥ ca
dvāraiḥ etaiḥ goviśeṣāḥ praśastāḥ

39. goviśeṣāḥ etaiḥ dvāraiḥ praśastāḥ
antarjātāḥ sukrayajñānalabdhāḥ
prāṇakrītāḥ nirjitāḥ ca aukajāḥ ca
kṛcchra utsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇa abhyāgatāḥ ca

39. Cows born within the household, those obtained through a good purchase or discerning knowledge, those bought at great cost, those won in a contest, and those born in the same house; likewise, those abandoned during hardship and those acquired for rearing – these specific types of cows are highly praised through these means (of acquisition).

Words meanings summery:

• अन्तर्जाताः (antarjātāḥ) - born within the household (born inside, domestically born)

• सुक्रयज्ञानलब्धाः (sukrayajñānalabdhāḥ) - obtained through a good purchase or discerning knowledge (obtained by good purchase or knowledge related to rituals/discernment)

• प्राणक्रीताः (prāṇakrītāḥ) - bought at great cost (bought for life, bought at great expense/risk)

• निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - won (in contests or battle) (conquered, won, subdued)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• औकजाः (aukajāḥ) - born in the same house (as the owner) (born in the same house)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कृच्छ्र (kṛcchra) - hardship (difficulty, distress, trouble, hardship)

• उत्सृष्टाः (utsṛṣṭāḥ) - abandoned (given up, abandoned, released)

• पोषण (poṣaṇa) - for rearing (nourishment, rearing, fostering, maintenance)

• अभ्यागताः (abhyāgatāḥ) - acquired (come, arrived, approached)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by these means (of acquisition) (by means, by doors, by gates)

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (various means) (by these)

• गोविशेषाः (goviśeṣāḥ) - these specific types of cows (specific types of cows, excellent cows)

• प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - are highly praised (praised, commended, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्तर्जाताः (antarjātāḥ) - born within the household (born inside, domestically born)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of antarjāta

antarjāta - born within, domestically produced

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'antar' and 'jāta'. 'jāta' is PPP of 'jan' (to be born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+jāta)

• antar – within, inside, among
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'goviśeṣāḥ'.

सुक्रयज्ञानलब्धाः (sukrayajñānalabdhāḥ) - obtained through a good purchase or discerning knowledge (obtained by good purchase or knowledge related to rituals/discernment)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sukrayajñānalabdha

sukrayajñānalabdha - obtained by good purchase and ritual knowledge / discerning knowledge

Past Passive Participle

Compound involving 'labdha' (PPP of 'labh', to obtain). Interpreted as 'su-kraya' (good purchase) and 'jñāna' (knowledge/discernment) as means.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukraya+jñāna+labdha)

• sukraya – good purchase, proper buying
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'su' (good) and 'kraya' (purchase).
  Prefix: su
  Root: krī (class 9)
• jñāna – knowledge, discernment, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā- 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• labdha – obtained, acquired, gained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root labh- 'to obtain'
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'goviśeṣāḥ'.

प्राणक्रीताः (prāṇakrītāḥ) - bought at great cost (bought for life, bought at great expense/risk)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prāṇakrīta

prāṇakrīta - bought for life, bought at great expense, bought risking one's life

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'prāṇa' (life) and 'krīta' (bought).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+krīta)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vitality
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• krīta – bought, purchased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root krī- 'to buy'
  Root: krī (class 9)

निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - won (in contests or battle) (conquered, won, subdued)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to cows acquired by winning.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

औकजाः (aukajāḥ) - born in the same house (as the owner) (born in the same house)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of aukaja

aukaja - born in the same house, domestic, indigenous

Derived from 'okas' (home, dwelling) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (okas+ja)

• okas – house, dwelling, home
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent noun / Suffix
  From root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'goviśeṣāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्र (kṛcchra) - hardship (difficulty, distress, trouble, hardship)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, distress, trouble, hardship

Note: Used here adverbially, or in compound implies 'in/during hardship'.

उत्सृष्टाः (utsṛṣṭāḥ) - abandoned (given up, abandoned, released)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of utsṛṣṭa

utsṛṣṭa - given up, abandoned, released

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root sṛj- 'to create, emit' with prefix ud- 'up, out'

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Forms part of the compound 'kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ'.

पोषण (poṣaṇa) - for rearing (nourishment, rearing, fostering, maintenance)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of poṣaṇa

poṣaṇa - nourishment, rearing, fostering, maintenance

Action noun from root puṣ- 'to nourish'

Root: puṣ (class 4)

Note: Implied dative for purpose, in compound.

अभ्यागताः (abhyāgatāḥ) - acquired (come, arrived, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root gam- 'to go' with prefixes abhi- and ā-

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms part of the compound 'poṣaṇābhyāgatāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

द्वारैः (dvāraiḥ) - by these means (of acquisition) (by means, by doors, by gates)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, means, channel

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (various means) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

गोविशेषाः (goviśeṣāḥ) - these specific types of cows (specific types of cows, excellent cows)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of goviśeṣa

goviśeṣa - specific kind of cow, excellent cow

Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'viśeṣa' (distinction, specific kind, excellence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+viśeṣa)

• go – cow, ox, earth, ray
  noun (masculine)
• viśeṣa – distinction, specific quality, excellence, species
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: The form `goviśeṣāḥ` can refer to feminine (cows) in plural nominative.

प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - are highly praised (praised, commended, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of praśasta

praśasta - praised, commended, excellent, auspicious

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'śaṃs' (to praise) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.