महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-72, verse-30

य एकं भक्तमश्नीयाद्दद्यादेकं गवां च यत् ।
दश वर्षाण्यनन्तानि गोव्रती गोनुकम्पकः ॥३०॥

30. ya ekaṁ bhaktamaśnīyāddadyādekaṁ gavāṁ ca yat ,
daśa varṣāṇyanantāni govratī gonukampakaḥ.

30. yaḥ ekam bhaktam aśnīyāt dadyāt ekam gavām ca
yat daśa varṣāṇi anantāni govrati gonukampakaḥ

30. yaḥ govrati gonukampakaḥ ekam bhaktam aśnīyāt
ca yat ekam gavām dadyāt daśa anantāni varṣāṇi

30. A person who, observing the cow-vow (govratī) and showing compassion for cows, eats only one meal and then donates one cow, enjoys ten endless years [of reward].

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to a person) (who, which, he who)

• एकम् (ekam) - one (one, single, unique)

• भक्तम् (bhaktam) - meal (food, meal, portion)

• अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - eats (may eat, should eat)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - gives (may give, should give)

• एकम् (ekam) - one (cow) (one, single, unique)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, among cows)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यत् (yat) - which (referring to the action/object) (which, that, because, since)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains, rainy seasons)

• अनन्तानि (anantāni) - endless (endless, infinite, eternal)

• गोव्रति (govrati) - observing the cow-vow (one who observes the cow-vow)

• गोनुकम्पकः (gonukampakaḥ) - compassionate towards cows (one who is compassionate to cows)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to a person) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

एकम् (ekam) - one (one, single, unique)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, sole

Note: Refers to bhaktam.

भक्तम् (bhaktam) - meal (food, meal, portion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - food, meal; devoted, attached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhaj (to divide, allot, partake) + kta suffix. Here, used as a neuter noun meaning 'food' or 'meal'.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'aśnīyāt'.

अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - eats (may eat, should eat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of √aś

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Third person singular optative active, from root √aś (class 9, `aśnāti`).

Root: aś (class 9)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - gives (may give, should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of √dā

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

Third person singular optative active, from root √dā (class 3, `dadāti`).

Root: dā (class 3)

एकम् (ekam) - one (cow) (one, single, unique)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, sole

Note: Functions as a substantive, referring to 'one' (implied cow/gift).

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows (of cows, among cows)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Partitive genitive with implied 'one cow'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

यत् (yat) - which (referring to the action/object) (which, that, because, since)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the act of giving 'one of the cows'.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains, rainy seasons)

(noun)

neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season, rain, cloud

From root √vṛṣ (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative plural (of duration). Here, likely accusative of duration.

अनन्तानि (anantāni) - endless (endless, infinite, eternal)

(adjective)

neuter, plural of ananta

ananta - endless, infinite, unbounded, eternal; the snake Ananta

Negation (a-) of `anta` (end).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+anta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `varṣāṇi`.

गोव्रति (govrati) - observing the cow-vow (one who observes the cow-vow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govratin

govratin - observing the cow-vow, one who has a vow regarding cows

Compound formed from `go` and `vrata` with an `-in` possessive suffix, then declined.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (go+vrata)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गोनुकम्पकः (gonukampakaḥ) - compassionate towards cows (one who is compassionate to cows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gonukampaka

gonukampaka - compassionate to cows

Compound from `go` and `anukampaka`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+anukampaka)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• anukampaka – compassionate, sympathetic
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `anu` (prefix) + root `√kamp` (to tremble) + `aka` suffix (agent noun).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence, co-referring with `govratī`.